physical education test October COPY

Question 1

ligaments

Answer 1

Bands of connective tissue that connect bone to bone and stabilise movement

Question 2

cartilage

Answer 2

Designed to reduce friction and act as a shock absorber for the joint

Question 3

synovial fluid

Answer 3

Acts like an oil and lubricates the joint

Question 4

tendons

Answer 4

connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Question 5

flexion

Answer 5

flexion is a decrease in the angle around a joint

Question 6

Example of tendon

Answer 6

Achilles tendon

Question 7

extension

Answer 7

When the angle of the bones that are moving (articulating bones) is increased.

Question 8

Types of joints

Answer 8

Hinge joint
Ball and socket joint

Question 9

Sporting example of hinge joint

Answer 9

Bicep curls in weight training

Question 10

Articulating bones of hinge joint (bicep curls in weight training)

Answer 10

humerus, ulna, radius

Question 11

Sporting example of ball and socket joint

Answer 11

throwing ball

Question 12

Rotation

Answer 12

Rotation is when the bone turns about its longitudinal axis within the joint. Rotation towards the body is called internal or medical rotation, rotation away from the body is external or lateral rotation.

Question 13

Abduction

Answer 13

Abduction is the movement of the body away from the midline of the body.

Question 14

Adduction

Answer 14

Adduction is the movement towards the midline of the body

Question 15

Label this skeleton

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

Circumduction

Answer 17

Circumduction is the movement of a body region in a circular manner.

Question 18

Articulating bones

Answer 18

Articulating bones: the bones that move within a joint

Question 19

What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 19

1. Support
2. Posture
3. Protection
4. Movement
5. Blood cell production
6. Storage of minerals

Question 20

Support:

Answer 20

Skeleton keeps body upright and provides framework for muscle and tissue attachment.

Question 21

Posture:

Answer 21

Skeleton gives correct shape for our body

Question 22

Protection:

Answer 22

Bones of skeleton protects internal organs and reduce risk of injury on impact.

Question 23

Example of protection in skeletal system (cranium):

Answer 23

Protects the brain

Question 24

Example of protection in skeletal system (ribs):

Answer 24

Protects hearts and lungs

Question 25

Example of protection in skeletal system (vertebrae):

Answer 25

Protects the spinal chord.

Question 26

Example of protection in skeletal system (pelvis):

Answer 26

Protects sensitive reproductive organs

Question 27

Blood cell production:

Answer 27

Certain bones in the skeleton contain bone marrow which produces white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets.

Question 27

Movement:

Answer 27

• Skeleton allows movement of body.
• Bones from joints and act as levers.
• This allows muscles to produce movement.
• Bones of skeleton provide syrface for attachment of muscles.

Question 27

Examples of minerals the bones store:

Answer 27

Calcium, iron, potassium, phosphorus

Question 27

Example of bones containing bone marrow:

Answer 27

pelvis, sternum, humerus, femur

Question 28

Storage of minerals:

Answer 28

Bones store minerals and release them into the blood when the body needs to use them.

Question 29

Joint definition:

Answer 29

A joint is a place where two or more bones meet and is also called an articulation.

Question 30

Synovial joints:

Answer 30

Allow us the free movement to perform skills and techniques during physical activity (freely moveable joints)

Question 31

How cartilage helps synovial joints

Answer 31

The ends of the bones are covered in cartilage which cushions the joint and prevents friction and wear and tear between bone ends.

Question 32

How do ligaments protect the joint?

Answer 32

Can absorb shock because of their elasticity, which protects the joint.

Question 33

Four important synovial joint:

Answer 33

1. Elbow joint
2. Knee joint
3. Hip joint
4. Shoulder joint

Question 34

What type of joint is the elbow joint and the knee joint an example of?

Answer 34

Hinge joint

Question 35

What type of joint is the shoulder joint and the hip joint an example of?

Answer 35

Ball and socket joint

Question 36

What is a hinge joint?

Answer 36

A type of synovial joint that allows bending and straightening only (works like the hinge on a door)

Question 37

What is a ball and socket joint?

Answer 37

A type of synovial joint that allows movement in almost every direction.

Question 38

What are the articulating bones in the elbow joint?

Answer 38

Humerus, ulna, radius

Question 39

What are the articulating bones in the knee joint?

Answer 39

femur, tibia (fibula and patella are not classed as bones in the knee joint)

Question 40

Articulating bones in the hip joint:

Answer 40

femur, pelvis

Question 41

Articulating bones for the shoulder joint:

Answer 41

Scapula, humerus (clavicle is NOT part of the shoulder joint)