physical education test October

Question 1

ligaments

Answer 1

Bands of connective tissue that connect bone to bone and stabilise movement

Question 2

cartilage

Answer 2

Designed to reduce friction and act as a shock absorber for the joint

Question 3

synovial fluid

Answer 3

Acts like an oil and lubricates the joint

Question 4

tendons

Answer 4

attaches muscle to bone

Question 5

flexion

Answer 5

flexion is a decrease in the angle around a joint

Question 6

Example of tendon

Answer 6

Achilles tendon

Question 7

Example of where flexion can occur at (knee)

Answer 7

At the knee e.g) Bending your leg at the knee when preparing to make a pass in football

Question 8

Example of where flexion can occur at (elbow)

Answer 8

At the elbow e.g) When a badminton player prepares to hit an overhand clear

Question 9

Extension

Answer 9

When the angle of the bones that are moving (articulating bones) is increased.

Question 10

Extension examples of where it can occur at (knee)

Answer 10

At the knee e.g) from a squat position you then stand up. The angle between the femur and the tibia increases

Question 11

Extension examples of where it can occur at (elbow)

Answer 11

At the elbow e.g) When making the basketball set shot, the bent arm moves to a straight arm as you release the ball.

Question 12

Types of joints

Answer 12

Hinge joint
Ball and socket joint

Question 13

Sporting example of hinge joint

Answer 13

Bicep curls in weight training

Question 14

Articulating bones of hinge joint (bicep curls in weight training)

Answer 14

humerus, ulna, radius

Question 15

Sporting example of ball and socket joint

Answer 15

throwing ball

Question 16

Flexion examples at ball and socket joint (shoulder)

Answer 16

At the shoulder e.g) Involves movement of the arm forwards and up overhead.

Question 17

Articulating bones of ball and socket joint (throwing ball)

Answer 17

scapula, humerus

Question 18

Flexion examples at ball and socket joint (hip)

Answer 18

At the hip e.g) Describes the bending motion that brings your thigh to the chest.

Question 19

Extension examples at ball and socket joint (shoulder)

Answer 19

At the shoulder e.g) Lowering of the arm from in front and taking it back behind you.

Question 20

Extension examples at ball and socket joint (hip)

Answer 20

At the hip e.g) Moving the leg backwards towards the posterior side of the body.

Question 21

Rotation examples at ball and socket joint (shoulder)

Answer 21

At the shoulder e.g) During the backswing of a serve a tennis player uses external rotation.

Question 22

Rotation examples at ball and socket joint (hip)

Answer 22

At the hip e.g) A ballet dancer moves into first position and rotate the hip joint laterally

Question 23

Rotation

Answer 23

Rotation is when the bone turns about its longitudinal axis within the joint. Rotation towards the body is called internal or medical rotation, rotation away from the body is external or lateral rotation.

Question 24

Abduction

Answer 24

Abduction is the movement of the body away from the midline of the body.

Question 25

Examples of where abduction can occur at (shoulder)

Answer 25

At the shoulder: A swimmer lifts the arms out to the side during the butterfly stroke

Question 26

Examples of where abduction can occur at (hip)

Answer 26

At the hip: A gymnast with their leg lifted to the side of their body shows abduction.

Question 27

Adduction

Answer 27

Adduction is the movement towards the midline of the body

Question 28

Examples of where adduction can occur at (shoulder)

Answer 28

A rugby player tackling another player will hold on to the player.

Question 29

Examples of where adduction can occur at (hip)

Answer 29

The recovery of the legs from the breaststroke leg kick

Question 30

Examples of where circumduction can occur at (shoulder)

Answer 30

A swimmer during front crawl arm action will take their arm out and back into the water.

Question 31

Examples of where circumduction can occur at (hip)

Answer 31

A gymnast on the beam takes their back legs off the beam and moves it out and round to place their foot ahead of their front foot.

Question 32

Draw the structure of a synovial joint

Answer 32

Question 33

Draw the structure of a synovial joint

Answer 33

Question 34

Give examples of ball and socket joints

Answer 34

Question 35

Give examples of hinge joints

Answer 35

Question 36

Label this skeleton

Answer 36

Question 37

Answer 37