physical education test October Flashcards
ligaments
Bands of connective tissue that connect bone to bone and stabilise movement
cartilage
Designed to reduce friction and act as a shock absorber for the joint
synovial fluid
Acts like an oil and lubricates the joint
tendons
attaches muscle to bone
flexion
flexion is a decrease in the angle around a joint
Example of tendon
Achilles tendon
Example of where flexion can occur at (knee)
At the knee e.g) Bending your leg at the knee when preparing to make a pass in football
Example of where flexion can occur at (elbow)
At the elbow e.g) When a badminton player prepares to hit an overhand clear
Extension
When the angle of the bones that are moving (articulating bones) is increased.
Extension examples of where it can occur at (knee)
At the knee e.g) from a squat position you then stand up. The angle between the femur and the tibia increases
Extension examples of where it can occur at (elbow)
At the elbow e.g) When making the basketball set shot, the bent arm moves to a straight arm as you release the ball.
Types of joints
Hinge joint
Ball and socket joint
Sporting example of hinge joint
Bicep curls in weight training
Articulating bones of hinge joint (bicep curls in weight training)
humerus, ulna, radius
Sporting example of ball and socket joint
throwing ball
Flexion examples at ball and socket joint (shoulder)
At the shoulder e.g) Involves movement of the arm forwards and up overhead.
Articulating bones of ball and socket joint (throwing ball)
scapula, humerus
Flexion examples at ball and socket joint (hip)
At the hip e.g) Describes the bending motion that brings your thigh to the chest.
Extension examples at ball and socket joint (shoulder)
At the shoulder e.g) Lowering of the arm from in front and taking it back behind you.
Extension examples at ball and socket joint (hip)
At the hip e.g) Moving the leg backwards towards the posterior side of the body.
Rotation examples at ball and socket joint (shoulder)
At the shoulder e.g) During the backswing of a serve a tennis player uses external rotation.
Rotation examples at ball and socket joint (hip)
At the hip e.g) A ballet dancer moves into first position and rotate the hip joint laterally
Rotation
Rotation is when the bone turns about its longitudinal axis within the joint. Rotation towards the body is called internal or medical rotation, rotation away from the body is external or lateral rotation.
Abduction
Abduction is the movement of the body away from the midline of the body.
Examples of where abduction can occur at (shoulder)
At the shoulder: A swimmer lifts the arms out to the side during the butterfly stroke
Examples of where abduction can occur at (hip)
At the hip: A gymnast with their leg lifted to the side of their body shows abduction.
Adduction
Adduction is the movement towards the midline of the body
Examples of where adduction can occur at (shoulder)
A rugby player tackling another player will hold on to the player.
Examples of where adduction can occur at (hip)
The recovery of the legs from the breaststroke leg kick
Examples of where circumduction can occur at (shoulder)
A swimmer during front crawl arm action will take their arm out and back into the water.
Examples of where circumduction can occur at (hip)
A gymnast on the beam takes their back legs off the beam and moves it out and round to place their foot ahead of their front foot.
Draw the structure of a synovial joint
Draw the structure of a synovial joint
Give examples of ball and socket joints
Give examples of hinge joints
Label this skeleton
