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CSET SUBTEST #3 > Physical Education > Flashcards

Physical Education Flashcards

1
Q

Define Body Awarness

A

The understanding of how one’s body moves, the mechanics of motion, and one’s indivual abilities. (where your body is)

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2
Q

Define Space Awarness

A

The understanding of the physical enviornment which surronds you including distances, levels, and how other people and objects move in relation to oneself. (your body in comparison with other objects)

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3
Q

What is Locomotor movement ?

A

movements which result in a change of location.

EXAMPLE: running, skipping, jumping

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4
Q

What is movement exploration?

A

The idea of going out and participating in physical activities and seeing how we move and getting body awarness and seeing how other things move and getting more space awarness.

  • greater body and space awarness are attained through movement exploration*
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5
Q

What is non-locomotor movement?

A

movement or balancing exercises that don’t cause participant to move from one location to another.

EXAMPLE: ring exercises, balancing, and axail movements

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6
Q

What is object manipulation?

A

Mani=hold

Skills involve precise movements necessary to effectively catch, throw, or swing a bat, club or stick.

  • these skills sometimes combine both fine and gross motor skills.
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7
Q

Fine motor skills….

A

Fine motor movements are things like writting with a pen so it requires small detailed movements (FINGERS)

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8
Q

Gross motor skills…..

A

Gross motor movements are things like throwing a ball, the big swing of your whole arm, punnching, running, throwing (BIG MOVEMENTS)

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9
Q

What are the types of joints and their characteristics ?

A
  • Hinge joints: things like our elbows that move in one fixed path ( moves 1 direction) (Door: 1 direction)
  • Pivot Joints: move in a variety of directions for example the upper body we have the shoulder another example would be the lower body would be the hip (we pivot in basket ball to move directions)
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10
Q

Fast twitch movement in muscles correlates to……..

A

Anaerobic activites

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11
Q

What is Anaerobic ?

A

fast twicth movements, usually fast, powerful, explsosive movements. (WEIGHT TRAINNING)

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12
Q

Slow twitch movement in muscles correlate to……

A

Aerobic activities.

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13
Q

What is Aerobic?

A

has to do with the replensihment of the air of oxygen. (AIR MOVEMENT, CARDIOVASCULAR, SLOW TWITCH)

CARDIO

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14
Q

What is the role of ligaments?

A

Ligaments are the reason that our joints hold together and can move (CONNECT BONE TO BONE)

  • Ligaments in our knees that allow the bones of our upper and lower leg to be held together so that the knee joint can move
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15
Q

What is the role Tendons?

A

Tendons on the other hand attach muscles to bones so the muscle can contract ad pull on that bone to make your leg move thats because of a tendon. That tendon attaches the muscle to the bone.
(HOLD MUSCLES TO BONES)

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16
Q

The biomechanics of movement are also influenced by external factors like?

A
  • Gravity: when you jump you come back down
  • Friction: things in the air like wind and water. (wind slows you down)
  • Newtons Laws of Motion: inertia, meaning objects in motion want to stay in motion unless they’re acted upon by a external force. and force equals mass times accelaration, so the more mass something has the more force it excerts . and reciprocal action
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17
Q

What are Newtons Law of Motion?

A

First law: intertia, says that the objects in motion want to stay in motion unless they’re acted upon by a net external force. It also says that objects at rest want to stay at rest unless they’re acted upon by a net externak force. (You go along in a straight path unless you turn your body or something is in your path)

Second Law: force equals mass times acceleration so the more mass something has, the more force it exerts. The more acceleration something has also the more force it exerts.

Third Law: reciprocal acions it says for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction so if I push against the wall I get pushed backwards, the all didnt push me it was my own force that got redirected equally and oppositely back into myself.

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18
Q

What is the fundamental componenets of mature movement when Throwing a baseball?

A
  • Shift weight to front foot, rotate torso, follow through
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19
Q

What are the fundamental components of mature movement when throwing a football?

A

-Shift weight to front foot, rotate torso, follow through (like throwing a baseball) but you also spin ball off fingertips

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20
Q

What are the fundamental components of mature movement when Swinging a bat?

A
  • Shift weight to front foot, rotate torso, (like throwing a baseball and throwing a football) but you also releasing back during follow through
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21
Q

what are the fundamental components of mature movement when kicking a ball?

A

-Standing up right, follow through after contact

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22
Q

Why is Cardiovascular exercise important?

A

Cardiovascular exercise promotes strong heart muscles and good circulation and is an imortant factor in reducing the risk of heart disease, heart attack, high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and stroke.

  • Aerobic exercise: jogging, running, swimming
  • heart muscle, myocardia
  • most important exercise that you can go for long term health
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23
Q

Why is Muscular Strength exercise important?

A

muscular strength and endurance allows indivuals to participate in a greater range of activites and helps support the skelatal system (muscles and bones)

*Anaerobic workouts, core trainning, weight trainning

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24
Q

Why is flexibitlity important ?

A

Helps indiviuals perform a greater range of actitvities and helps one to avoid muscle and joint injuries.
(stretching muscles to avoid joint injuries)

  • doing streches helps you too avoid hyperextending joints or ripping muscles
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25
Q

Safety and Medical factors that apply in PE for children with Asthma?

A

asthmatic students should still particpate in cardiovascular exercise, but should be allowed to move at a comfortable pace, should have quick and easy acess to inhaler, and should limit exercise temperture or when in air pollution levels are high.

  • adaptive physical education: your progam should be modified so that every student can participate and achieve.
  • Steroid Inhaler for children who are starting to have an asthma attack
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26
Q

what does a steriod inhaler do?

A

helps dilate blood vessels in the lungs helps them to absorb oxygen more easily if they are starting to have an asthma attack.

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27
Q

Safety and Medical factors that apply in PE for children with diabetes?

A
  • students should be allowed to participate in all forms of physical activity but should have easy access to diabetes supplies, should have juice or snacks available to treat low blood sugar, and should have free access to water and restrooms
  • Hypoglycemia means low blood sugar
  • sometimes by drinking more fluids they can actually process the sugars a little more readily
  • Type 1: GENETIC cant be cured and insulin is not being produced. needs insulin injections
  • Type 2: OBESISTY can be reversed through exercise and weight loss. Insulin is insufficient at moving sugars from the blood stream
28
Q

Do children with Asthma and Diabetes need to participate in PE

A

YES, wether a student has asthma or Diabetes they still have to exercise but we must ADAPT and ACCOMADATE for the student.

29
Q

When Designing physical fitness activities what principles should you utilize?

A

Utilize the principles of FITT to foster continued interest and improvement in students.
(DEVELOP PE PROGRAM USING FITT)

F: Frequency
I: Intensity
T: time
T: type

30
Q

What does FITT stand for?

A
  • Frequency: how often? 2,3,4,5… times a week?
  • Intensity: How vigorously do you do it when you are doing it? Are you walkinging, jogging, running, or sprinting? (building up)
  • Time: how long? what is the duration? Do you jog for 15 mins or 30 mins?
  • Type: What type of exercise,Aerobic or Anaerobic?
31
Q

When considering type of exercise be sure to include activities that helps students improve their comprehensive fitness levels and give students an opportunity to monitor improvements in overall body composition.
What is body composition?

A

Body composition is the ration of muscle to fast and there are numbers of ways to measure body composition. Like…..

  • BIA, skinfold tests, height and circumfrence measurments, and BMI are al metrics for assesing body compostion to determine as childs health.
32
Q

Why is a game, like four square great for children?

A

games like four sqaure are highly adaptable and can be used to teach manual dexterity, strategy, and social skills.

OUR GOAL IS TO MAKE SURE ALL STUDENTS ARE INCLUDED AND ACTIVITES ARE AGE APPROPRIATE! INCLUSIVITY

33
Q

Define Manual Dexterity

A

Meaning how we use our hands, and how we use our body to interact with objects

34
Q

Define Strategy

A

If you are working to try to get the person out of position so that you can hit the ball and they’ll miss it

ACTION PLAN/PLAN OF ATTACK

35
Q

Define Social Skills

A

team activity where people have to work together and cooperate

36
Q

Explain the basic rules of football

A

teams are organized into offense and defense. A system of 4 downs is used. Running, passing, punting, and kicking are utlized to move the ball.
-you need to get the ball 10 yards during 4 downs otherwise the other team gets the ball. If you do move it 10 yards you get another set of 4 downs and you are tryin got get your ball into oppossing teams end zone, to score or kick it through their upright to score as well. You can also do a thing called punting when you give the other team a worst field position whe they take over offense.

37
Q

Explain the basic rules of baseball

A

game is organized in 9 innings with each team getting its turn to bat each inning. If the ball is caught in the air, if it is thrown to a base before player reaches it, or if a player is tagged. They are out, so there are 4 ways to get someone out. When 3 players are out then other team bats.

38
Q

Explain the basic rules of basketball

A

teams are organized into gaurds, forwards, and centers. Points are scored via field goals and free throws. The ball is moved by passing and dribbling.

  • 5 players on each team at a time, but you can subsitute other players. Gaurds handle the ball bring it up and down the court, forwards can drive in for shots, and they can shoot form the outside as well, and centers tend to play more under the basket, tend to be the larger players. So they are doing things like rebounding, catching the ball when it comes down from a missed shot.
  • If you move without bouncing the ball then you are travelih and the other team gets the ball
  • Field goals can be worth two points or three depending pn where the person is shootong from on the court.
  • free throws occur when a player gets fouled
39
Q

Explain the basic rules of soccer

A
  • only goalie can use their hands

- corner kicks and free kicks are awarded when the ball goes out of bounds or when player commits foul

40
Q

What is the sequential development of physical abilites for a third grader?

A

-should be able to dribble a ball while WALKING
(a child in thrid grade CANNOT dribble a ball while running and being gaurded)
-jog approximetly half a mile without walking

41
Q

What is the sequential developement of physical abilities for a sixth grader?

A
  • should be able to dribble a ball while RUNNING and BEING GAURDED
  • jog a mile without walking
42
Q

What exercises should you focus on when working with young children?

A
  • with young children exercises should focus more on things like tumbling or body awarness things
  • NOT as much on running long distances aar all especaially when looking at kindergarten and first grade.
43
Q

What factors can influence movemen and corrdination?

A

-growth spurts: can cause changes and sometimes temporary regressions in athletic abilites.
* a child in their early teenage years who suddenly experinces a regression in coordination or becomes a little more clumsily quite often the explanation of growth spurts and they have to go through a 2nd body exploration phase to get use to their body.
-Differences in body types
* different body types give indivuals advantages and disadvantages in various types of sports and activites.
~ a lighter build makes motion and changes in course easier
~a heavier build makes staying in place and resisting forces easier
~a medium build would be good in aspects og BOTH
(IN THE MIDDLE CAN DO BOTH)

44
Q

How is cardiovascular exercise benefical?

A

it is beneficial to long term health

45
Q

How much should children and adolescents excersise?

A

60 minutes of workout everyday

*NOTE: depedning on exercise intensity level, healthy participants should exercise 3-5 times per week for atleast 20-30 mins at 50-80% of their maximum heart rate

46
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

designed to help the body respond to threats. When it is activated, ADRENALINE is realeased and a variety of psychological changes occur, including increased heart rate. (brain releases adrenaline and senses become alert) (FIGHT OR FLIGHT)

-you might start to sweat more, get clammy hands, feel a cold sensation, digestive system shuts down, muscles thighten, your body is gettinf ready to respond to external threat

47
Q

The sympathetic nervous system basically increases your heart rate and increases your breathing preparing you for that threat. There needs to be a RELEASE…..

What system calms you down and how do you release?

A

-The parasympathetic nervous system calms you back down. It is important to teach students about healthy ways of managing stress.

  • Exercise: especially cardiovascular exercise is a great way to reduce stess levels and giving the body physical release
  • Meditation or deep breathing: when you breathe deeply ot tells your body to calm annd activates the parasympathetic nervous system and slows the heart rate, slow the respiration and return you back yo a normal state
  • Talk Therapy/ Discussing Feelings: address the feelings causing somebosy to be stressed to begin with.
48
Q

What is the Standards for the USDA food pyramid

A
  • Bottom you have things like bread, cereal, and grains and they siggest eating the most of these things 6-11 servings a day
  • Next you have fruits and veggies. The vegtables you eat around 3-5 servings a day. Fruits 2-4 servings per day
  • Dairy group is like milk, yogurt, cheese. 2-3 servings pf these per day and the same thing goes for Meat
  • at the top you have fats, oils, and sweet which you eat very limited
49
Q

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

A

-Saturated fats tend to be solid at roo temp and they tend to come from animal products they are more UNHEALTHY type of fat.
(SATURATED=UNHEALTHY, ANIMAL FAT)
-Unsaturated fats tend to come from vegetables and liquid at room temp, example of this would be canola oil or corn oil. These are healthier because they dont tend to congeal inside tge arteries.
(UNSATURATED=HEALTHY, PLANTS)

50
Q

What are the drugs that are legal and illegal that can be abused?

A
  • Hallucinogens: LSD, marijuana, mescaline:make you hallucinate, not able to think straight
  • Stimulants: caffeine, cocaine, amphetamine: speed up the system and increase heart rate, gets you moving.
  • Depressents: tranqulizers, sedatives, alcohol: depressing the system they are slowing the heart rate. helps you relax and calm down.
51
Q

How does PE affect students pyshological aspects?

A
  • Longitudinal data suggests a correlation between physical activity and improved self-esteem, self efficacy, and mental well-being. All these factors improve with Physical education
  • consider programs that encourage students to build lifelong habits of health and itness and provide ways to test and quantify results, such as president fitness challenge. This is how to encourage students to be active and healthy

Promotes lifelong health

52
Q

What is the President fitness challenge ?

A

the president fitness challenge is a way to encourage PE. and it is a way to encourage students to be active and healthy.

The presidents fitness challenge has different goals at different grade levels and they might ask that you jog a certain distance in a certain time, certain amount of push ups and sit ups depending on age and gender. If you complete these goals you can recieve a award

53
Q

True or False: Girls tend to develop fine motor skills earlier than boys, and boys tend to develop gross motor skills earlier than girls. Boys also tend to have greater muscle mass, particularly after the onset puberty

A

TRUE

54
Q

TRUE or FALSE: boys tend to gravitate towards sportts because of their gross motor skill developement

A

TRUE

55
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Girls have neater hand writting because of their fine motor skills development

A

TRUE

56
Q

How can we encourage pro-social behavior?

A
  • utilize sports to teach pro social behavior
  • allowing students to officate a small sports activity can teach leadership and fairness (tend to be able to happen in groups, students have to make contreversal decesions)
  • Activities such as “human knot” can teach COLLABORAITIVE problem solving and safety(solve a problem together, collabortively
  • Caring for class sports equipment can teach PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY. (have children take turns taking care of supplies or setting indivual goals)
  • Games such as volleyball can teach TEAMWORK SKILLS. (its difficult to have success in volleyball unless you are working as a team(accomplishing a common goal as a team)
57
Q

What is the “Human Knot” what does it support?

A

you take a child and they take each other hands and they create a knot and together have unweave it. You can also coach them to be careful on how they move and can help with teaching safety. This also supports children in problem solving collaboratively

58
Q

What were the early forms of football?

A

rugby, soccer, american football, these were all played in medieval Europe.
- they are all ganes that you played on fppt and this is why they are all grouped into the football category and played by commoners because they couldnt afforf horses so they play on foot

59
Q

What sports is baseball simalr to?

A

rounders, modern cricket.

*the first baseball gams following modern rules were played in the U.S during the mid to late 1800’s

60
Q

When was basketball invented?

A

In 1891 in springfield massachusetts by james naismith who was asked to create a team sport that could be played indoors during winter.
*it started with an actual fruit basket and decided to cut the bottom to make a net.

61
Q

which locomotor transport skill is described in the following example.

the balance is on one foot the body is then thrust forward into space, with the indivual landing on the same foot as the take off foot

A

Hop

62
Q

A second grade physical education activity involves throwing a bean bag through a target placed 15 feet from the student. The performance objective of this activity most likely emphasizes what?

A

cross lateral throwing movement

63
Q

what is cross lateral throwing movement?

A

in cross lateral throwing the student steps forward with the foot opposite the throwing hand transferring weight and increaasing strenght and distance

64
Q

what is a structured movement?

A

incorperates specific quantifiable skills therefore structured skills impose limitations on the activity being performed.

EX: throwing a ball with your right hand while stepping forward with your left foot

65
Q

Constructed Response:
A beanbag is a fundmental manipulative tool incoorperated into many early primary physical education activites.
use your knowledge of physical education activities
-dicuss two ways beanbag activites reinforce preceptual motor abilities at the early primary grades
-discuss one example of a beanbag activity designed for this grade span

A
  • beanbag activites advance perceptual motor skills in facilitating improved hand-eye coordination, balance, laterality, sensory perceptions, and proper body imaging. They also promote kinesthetic awarness and sensory functioning in vision, hearing, and touching.
  • The manipulative aspects of the bean bag are conductive to early primaary exploration. beanbags are flexiable and soft and greatly reduce the fear factor in catching objects
  • An example of a beanbag activity would be throwing the beanbag over ones head while clapping ones hands before cthcing the bag. This would imporve handeye coordination and laterality. In locomotor and non locomotor activities, the bean bag could be used for balance for example balancing the beanbag on various body parts while the body is in motion

CSET SUBTEST #3 (2 decks)

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