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NURS 1030 > Physical Development and Aging > Flashcards

Physical Development and Aging Flashcards

1
Q

Changes to the epidermis?

5 points

A
  1. Longer to replace cells
  2. Decreased melanocytes=pigment
  3. Decrease langerhan cells=immune
  4. Flattened rete ridges=blood flow
  5. Disarray of keratinocyte nuclei=supple
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2
Q

Changes to the dermis?

3 points

A
  1. Decreased elasticity
  2. Collagen less organized
  3. Decreased cellular components=decreased immune function
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3
Q

Changes in subcutaneous tissue?

A
  • Reabsorption of body fat and increased adipocytes

- Redistribution of body fat from extremities to abdomen

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4
Q

Changes in appendages?

A

Messier’s corpuscles decrease=light touch

Pacinian corpuscles decrease=vibration and pressure

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5
Q

Implications of all these changes?

A
  1. easily torn and blistered skin
  2. slow wound healing and closure
  3. decreased thermoregulation
  4. decreased absorption of topical agents
  5. decreased sense of pressure/touch-leads to injury
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6
Q

Implications for nursing practice?

A
  1. Skin care
  2. Safety considerations-floor free of debris
  3. Proper positioning and supportive devices
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7
Q

Changes to bone?

A
  • Decrease in production of outside and inside bone
  • No longer bone remodelling
  • Loss of bone density= strength
  • Loss of bone mass= lighter bones
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8
Q

Physical changes?

A

Posture

Dorsal Kyphosis

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9
Q

What happens to cartilage?

A
  • Non articular cartilage continues to grow=nose and ears
  • General crystal formation and calcification
  • Deterioration of joint cartilage
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10
Q

What happens to muscle?

A
  • Decreased muscle fibers
  • Atrophied tissue replaced by fibrous tissue-not good
  • Takes longer for muscles to contract and relax
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11
Q

Define osteoporosis

A

-A condition in which there is a significant decrease in total bone mass

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12
Q

Define osteoarthritis

A
  • Slow, progressive often asymmetrical disorder of the mobile joints
  • Example=knees
  • Characterized by joint stiffness, loss of motion
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13
Q

Define rheumatoid arthritis

A
  • An autoimmune disorder, recurrent inflammation in smaller joints i.e fingers and toes
  • VERY painful-difficult to function at normal level
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14
Q

3 common fractures in older adults?

A
  1. Vertebral compression
  2. Pelvis
  3. Hip
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15
Q

When you think endocrine you think…?

A

Communication

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16
Q

Changes to endocrine system?

A
  • Most glands atrophy and decrease their secretions

- No uniform direction of change

17
Q

Changes to thyroid gland?

A

Loss of mass
Becomes fibrotic with colloid nodules
Doesn’t produce hormones as it should

18
Q

Hypothyroid?

A

Deficient production of t3 and t4

Signs and symptoms are non-specific ad hard to diagnose

19
Q

Structural changes to renal system?

A

Thickening of glomerulus
Decreased surface area of glomerulus
Less nephrons
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

20
Q

Structural changes to urinary system?

A

Decreased bladder capacity and atrophy

Involuntary bladder contractions

21
Q

Functional changes of renal system?

A

Decreased GFR
Decreased ability to concentrate urine
Nocturia
Increased frequency

22
Q

What are the 4 types of incontinence?

A

Stress, urge, overflow, functional

23
Q

Define stress incontinence

A

Stress on the actual bladder system

  • something pushing down
  • laugh, cough etc.
24
Q

Define urge incontinence

A

Have to go right now-bladder muscles are overactive

25
Q

Define overflow incontinence

A

Involuntary loss of urine associated with over distention of the bladder

26
Q

Define functional incontinence

A

Caused by a disease state

-can’t get to bathroom because of wheel chair, cognitive impairment etc.

27
Q

Interventions for incontinence?

A 
Pelvic exercises
Bladder training and scheduled toileting
Internal and external devices
Environmental modification
Surgery-bladder sling
28
Q

Aging gastrointestinal system?

A
  • Loss of taste buds-decreased smell
  • Dilation of esophagus
  • Slowed gastric motility and absorption of nutrients
  • Liver and pancreas remain functional
  • Vitamin b12, D, folate, iron and calcium
29
Q

Techniques to increase intake when poor appetite?

A
  1. Adding nonfat dry milk powder
  2. Variety of in-between meal nourishments
  3. Encourage favorite foods
  4. Nutritional supplements/shakes
30
Q

Define diverticular disease

A

an out pouching or herniation of the diverticulum through the colonic mucosa
-pieces of poop breaks off and get stuck in divets

NURS 1030 (5 decks)

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