Physical Development (A1) Flashcards
What are the 6 life stages?
Infancy 0-2 years
Early Childhood 3-8 years
Adolescence 9-18 years
Early Adulthood 19-45 years
Middle Adulthood 46-65 years
Late Adulthood 65+ years
What is the definition of Growth?
- Increase in measurable quality such as weight, height or head circumference. It’s the process of developing physically and occurs from birth to adulthood.
How do infants learn to control movements?
From head to toe; an infant controls head first and then body.
What are hormones?
Chemical substances which are produced in the body, transported in the blood stream to control body cells and organs.
What are gross motor skills?
Movement involving larger muscles in the body / main muscles
What are fine motor skills?
Smaller movements involving small muscles such as fingers.
Examples of gross motor skills?
- using pedals to ride a bicycle
- skipping
- balancing on one foot
- kicking and throwing a ball
Examples of fine motor skills?
- using a pencil to copy letters
- building towers with cubes
- dressing themselves
- tying shoe laces
- drawing detailed pictures
What is the definition of primary sexual characteristics?
- Relates to the changes and development of reproductive organs.
What is the definition of secondary sexual characteristics?
- Outward signs of the development from a child to an adult.
What are the hormones in males?
- Testosterone :
- stimulates sperm production
- development of secondary characteristics
What are the hormones in females?
Oestrogen and progesterone:
- responsible for ovulation and menstruation
What is pre-menopause ?
- when a woman is in her 40’s, her ovaries will gradually make less oestrogen.
- lasts for 4 years but can vary
- ends when a woman has no period for 12 months
What is the definition of puberty?
- the development stage that prepares the body for sexual development ; rapid growth, reaching sexual maturity
Name 3 primary sexual characteristics
- menstruation cycle commences
- ovaries enlarge
- vagina lengthen/ wider
What is the definition of development?
- Complex changes/ increases in skills, abilities and capabilities that people experience as they grow.
What is the difference between growth and development?
Growth is referred to as an increase in measurable quantity such as weight or height. However, development is the functional and behavioural changes (qualitative) and cannot be measured. For example; language development.
What is a milestone/developmental norm
- the average set of expectations for a child’s development.
What is mean by delayed development?
- when a baby or child does not show development within the expected time range.
What are 4 physical developmental milestones that a child will pass through?
Sitting up
Standing up
Cruising
Walking
What are 3 key areas that are measured to monitor a baby’s growth and are recorded on growth charts?
- Height
- weight
- head circumference
