physical concepts Flashcards
sound
wave of sound moving, individual particles are not
magnitude
how much is there
scalars
quantities that can only be described by magnitude
vectors
quantities that need to be described by both magnitude & direction
fundamental quantities
mass
length
time
derived quantites
displacement
velocity
accleration
newtonian force
F = ma ; N (newtons)
1N = force required to make a 1kg mass acclerate at a rate of 1m/s^2
external force
force (F) required to move a mass
objects tend to resist changes in motion (inertia)
Net force is zero at equilibrium
hookian force
F = -kx
forces may move an object,, but they may also deform it
if the deformation stays within limits of elasticity, the object will return to its og shape when force is removed –> restoring force
restoring force
push on a spring, restoring force pulls back
pull of a spring, restoring force pushes back
depends on stiffness (k)
viscosity
friction in fluids
resists motion, resulting in damping
how long something stays vibrating depends on the magnitude of damping w/ reference to force applied
w/out friction sound in your ear would never stop damping
work
when applied force acts through a certain distance
W = F (change in x) ; Joules (J)
ex - 10N to the right & 5N to the left = net force of 5N to the right
F net = 5 –> to move a mass 3m
W = 5 x 3 = 15J
energy
ability of something to do work
Joules (J)
potential energy
a compressed spring has potential energy because work was done to compress it
equal to the amount of energy it took to compress it
stiffness
ability of objects to store potential energy
kinetic energy
an object in motion has kinetic energy
the amount of force it took to get it in motion
