Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physical Assessment > Physical Assessment: Skin Exam > Flashcards

Physical Assessment: Skin Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Skin: Three Layers

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous Layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epidermis: 5 Layers

A 
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Luciderm
Stratum granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dermis: Composition and Function

A

composition: living cells
Two Functions:
Perspiration
Supply Epidermis with nutrient rich blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dermis: Two layers

A

Papillary

Reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Subcutaneous Tissue: Composition and Function

A

Composition: Fat and loose CT
Function: Stabilizes skin
-insulates, stores energy, shock absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Skin: Changes with age

A

Looses vascularity
Blood vessels become thin
Skin becomes thinner, pale and translucent
Decrease in elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Physical Assessment of skin

A 
Color
Temperature
Dry/moist
Legions?
Skin folds (intertriginous)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lesions: 3 types

A

Primary
Secondary
Vascular/ Purpuric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary Legions: Non palpable (2)

A

Macule: < 1cm (freckles)
Patch: > 1cm (birthmark)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Primary Legions: Palpable (3)

A

Papule: < 1cm
Plaque: often a collection of papules, >1cm
Nodule: Marble like, >0.5cm (deep and firm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primary Legions: With Fluid (3)

A

Vesicle: 1cm, serous fluid
Bulla: >1cm, serous fluid
Pustule: inside is pus (infection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Primary Legions: Wheal

A

Irregular, superficial area of edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Secondary Legions: 4 types involving skin loss

A

Crust: serum/pus/blood dried on skin
Erosion: chicken pox scar
Ulcer: deep, loss of epidermis and dermis, may go to bone
Fissure: Linear crack, only epidermal and dermal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Secondary Legions: Vascular vs Purpuric
Purpuric = think purple (bruise)
Vascular = think (think tiny veins)

A 
Purpuric: Outside vessels
-petechiae
-ecchymosis
Vascular: Within vessels
-telangiectasia
-spider vein
-spider angioma
-cherry angioma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Petechia

A

(purpuric) 1-3mm, red/purple. Non-blanching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ecchymosis

A

(purpuric) >3mm, purple, non-blanching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Telangiectasia

A

(vascular) small, dilated blood vessels, blanching, 0.5-1mm: encompasses spider vein and spider angioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Spider Angioma: size and location

A

(vascular) <2cm, face, arms and trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Spider Vein: Size and location

A

(vascular) Small to several inches, mostly on legs, chest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cherry angioma

A

(vascular) 1-3mm, trunk and extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lesions: Arrangements (5)

A 
clustered
linear (line)
annular (in a ring)
arciform (in an arc)
dermatomal (covering a skin band that corresponds to a nerve root)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Skin Tumors: 6 types

A 
Actinic Keratosis
Seborrheic Keratosis
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Benign Nevus (Lentigo)
Malignant Melanoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

tumor: superficial hyperkeratonic papules, often multiple

1/1000 develop into squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis

A

tumor: benign, white-yellow or brown raised papules. Typically multiple.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

tumor: although malignant, almost never metastasizes.

Begins as a macule, often on face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

REDDER Macule, firm elevated border. Begin small, white legion. Slow growth at first, rapid and spread later on.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Benign Nevus

A

the common mole

28
Q

Malignant Melanoma: ABCD

A 
most aggressive and life threatening
A: asymmetry
B: Irregular borders
C: Variation in Color
D: Diameter: >6mm
29
Q

Skin Color: Cafe-Au-Lait Spot

A

Macule, irregular borders, 0.5-1.5 cm, benign.

30
Q

Skin Color: Tinea Versicolor

A

hypo/hyper pigmented area of skin, found on trunk, neck, and upper arms. Pale, reddish, or tan

31
Q

Skin Color: Vitiligo

A

Depigmented macules on hands, feet, extensor surfaces. Caused by a loss/lack of melanin

32
Q

Skin Color: Cyanosis

A

Bluish color of nail beds, fingers, oral mucosa.

33
Q

Skin Color: Jaundice

A

Yellow discoloration, also sclera

34
Q

Skin Color: Carotenemia

A

Yellow palms, not jaundice, associated with a diet of yellow vegetables such as carrots, etc. Sclera remains white

35
Q

Skin Color: Erythema

A

Red hue, “Slapped cheeks”

36
Q

Skin Color: Heliotrope

A

Violaceous patches over the eyelids

37
Q

Skin Texture: Lichenification

A

thickening of skin

38
Q

Skin Texture: Atrophy

A

Thinning of skin

39
Q

Skin Texture: Scar

A

raised regenerative skin growth

40
Q

Skin Texture: Keloid

A

excessive growth in healing of a legion

41
Q

Skin Texture: Excoriation

A

linear loss of epidermis

42
Q

Striae

A

“stretch marks” associated with rapid growth

43
Q

Legions: Distribution Classification

EXTENT

A

isolated, localized, regionalized, generalized, universal

44
Q

Skin Breakdown: 5 forms

A 
Decubitus Ulcer
Decubiti
Bedsore
Pressure Sore
Dermal Ulcer
45
Q

Pressure Ulcer: 4 stages

A

Stage 1: Unbalanceable, redness
Stage 2: Skin forms blister or sore
Stage 3: Crater, full thickness skin loss
Stage 4: Full thickness, damage to underlying structures (muscle etc.)

46
Q

Pressure Sores: Three ways

A

1: sustained compression
2: shearing forces (sliding/transferring)
3: friction and moisture

47
Q

Hair Loss: Alopecia Areata

A

hair loss, in round or oval patches. Thought to be autoimmune. NO SCALING

48
Q

Hair Loss: Trichotillomania

A

Hair loss from pulling/twisting hair

49
Q

Hair Loss: Tinea Capitis (ringworm)

A

Round scaling patches of alopecia. Hairs are broken off close to surface of scalp.

50
Q

Nails: Paronychia

A

Infection of the lateral and proximal nail folds. Due to Staphylococcus Aureus or Streptococcus.

51
Q

Nails: Clubbing

A

Bulbous swelling. Due to hypoxia or genetics

52
Q

Nails: Onycholysis

A 
Spontaneous separation of nail at distal margin due to loss of supporting structures. 
Due to
Trauma
Psoriasis
Fungal infection
Onychmyosis
53
Q

Nails: Terry’s Nails

A 
Nail plate turns white. 
Due to
Liver disease
Cirrhosis
Heart Failure
Diabetes
54
Q

Nails: Leukonychia

A

White spots due to trauma

55
Q

Nails: Mee’s Lines

A 
Transverse white bands, run parallel to lanula
Due to:
Arsenic poisoning
Heart Failure
Hodgkin's Disease
Chemotherapy
CO poisoning
Leprosy
56
Q

Nails: Beau’s Lines

A 
Transverse Depressions
Due to:
Severe illness
trauma
Cold exposure (w/ Reynaud's disease)
57
Q

Nails: Pitting

A 
Depressions
Due to:
Psoriasis
Reiter's syndrome
Sarcoidosis
Alopecia areata
Localized atopic or chemical dermatitis
58
Q

Nails: Anatomical Components

A 
Lunula, 
Nail plate, 
Cuticle, 
Lateral nail fold, 
proximal nail fold, 
Free Edge
Nail bed,
Nail root, 
Distal Phalanx
Cross section of nail plate.
59
Q

Nails: Paronychia

A

infection of nail bed, spreads to entire nail

60
Q

Nails: Herpetic Whitlow

A

infection caused by herpes virus, contagious

61
Q

Asteatosis

A

Dry skin
Common in geriatrics
Flaky, rough

62
Q

Skin Exam: Palpation

A

Temperature/Moisture: hot or cold, wet or dry
Texture: smooth or rough
Turgor: elasticity
Edema: swelling

63
Q

Inspection and Palpation of Skin Checklist

A 
Location
Pattern (Configuration)
Size, Shape
Mobility
Consistency
Color
Exudate (Drainage)
64
Q

Legion: Distribution Classification

PATTERN

A 
symmetrical,
 exposed areas, 
areas of pressure,
 intertriginous area, 
follicular localization, 
random
65
Q

Legion: Distribution Classification

CHARACTERISTIC PATTERN

A

acne,
syphilis,
erythema mulitform,
many more

Physical Assessment (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions