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Physical Assessment > Physical Assessment: General Survey > Flashcards

Physical Assessment: General Survey Flashcards

2
Q

Weight: Changes

A

2.2 lbs = 1 kgShoes offNote changes: may be due to fluid retention, muscle, or fat gain/loss.

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3
Q

Weight: Calculation

A

2.2 lbs = 1 kg

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4
Q

Weight: BMI, calculation and significant ranges

A

Weight (kg) / Height (m)^2Above 25: assess nutrition, screen-excess body fat or muscle toneBelow 18.5: Concern, suspect-Anorexia, Bulimia, malnutrition

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5
Q

Height: Observations and screening

A

Short / tallSlender / lankyMuscular / stockyGeneral body proportionsDeformities

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6
Q

Temperature: 4 types

A

OralRectal: coreAxillaryTympanic: core

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7
Q

Temperature: Normal Limits (F and C)

A

97-99 F, 36.1-37.7 C

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8
Q

Blood Pressure: 2 parts

A

Systolic (ventricles contractDiastolic (ventricles at rest)

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9
Q

Blood pressure: Not Static, varies with

A

positionCircadian rhythmStressNutritional statusdrugsDisease

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10
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

Systolic-DiastolicNormal is 30-40

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11
Q

Widened Pulse Pressure Disease States (8)AAA - ABE - PT

A

Aortic CoarctationAortic RegurgitationAtreiovenus FistulaAnemiaBeriberi HeartEmotional StatePatent Ductus ArteriosusThryrotoxicosis

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12
Q

Narrow Pulse Disease States

A

Ascites (fluid in abdomen)Pericardial Effusion (fluid around heart)Constrictive Pericarditis (thick shell around heart)Severe Aortic Stenosis (AV narrowed)Tachycardia

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13
Q

JNC - 7: Normotensive, Pre-hypertension, Stage 1 hypertension, Stage 2 Hypertension

A

Normal: < 120 / < 80Pre: 120 - 139 / 80 - 89S1: 140 - 159 / 90 - 99S2: > 160 / > 100

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14
Q

HTN Risk: Diseases

A

Coronary heart diseaseStrokeCHFEnd-stage renal diseasePVD

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15
Q

HTN: Complications (in General Systems)

A

CNSOpthalmologicCardiacVascularRenal

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16
Q

Korotkoff Sounds

A

Phase 1: THUDPhase 2: Sound of turbulent flowPhase 3: Softer thudPhase 4: Softer blowing sound that disappearsPhase 5: Silence

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17
Q

Capillary Refill

A

Press down on nail bed and release. White spot should disappear in under 3 seconds

18
Q

Pulse: Location (6)

A

carotidradialbrachialfemoralposterior tibialdorsalis pedis

19
Q

Pulse: Normal limits AdultNewborn1yr3yr6yr10yr

A

Adult:60-100Newborn: 120-1701yr: 80-1603yr: 80-1206yr: 75-11510yr: 70-110

20
Q

Pressure: SphygmomanometerFalse HighFalse Low

A

High: Cuff too short or narrow-Anxiety, arm too low, muscle contraction, smokingLow: Cuff too wide or long-Arm too high, bell pressed too firmly/touching cuff, failure to recognize an auscultatory gap.

21
Q

Pulse Abnormalities: Small Weak

A

Hypovolemia, aortic stenosis, cold, CHF

22
Q

Pulse Abnormalities: Large Bounding (6)

A

Fever, anemia, hyperthyroidism,Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA), heart block, atherosclerosis

23
Q

Pulse Abnormalities: Pulsus Alternans

A

Varies in amplitude, beat to beatLV failure, S3

24
Q

Pulse Abnormalities: Paradoxical Pulse

A

Decreases with inspirationPericardial tamponade (acute type of pericardial effusion) Obstructive Lung disease, constrictive pericarditis.

25
Q

Breathing Rhythm: Patterns (7)

A

Bradypnea: under 12; coma, meds, deep sleepTachypnea: above 20; anxiety, heart/lung disease, FEVERHyperpnea: over 20 and deep, exercise, metabolicSighing: normal/anxietyCheyne-Stokes: dysrhythmic breathing due to CNS, drugsKussmal: Rapid deep, DKA, metabolic acidosisStridor: Harsh, high pitched inspiration

26
Q

Normal Breathing RatesAdultNewborn1 yr3 yr6 yr

A

Adult: 12-20Newborn: 30-801 yr: 20-403 yr: 20-306 yr: 16-22

27
Q

Cachexia

A

Decreased fat and muscle mass

28
Q

Pallor

A

Pale/White appearance: Due to anemia, hypoxiaAlso, Normal coloring

29
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow coloration found in the palms, sclera, oral mucosaDue to Liver DiseaseNormal in newborn

30
Q

Systole

A

The pressure exerted against the arteries during ventricular contraction

31
Q

Diastole

A

The resting pressure when the ventricles are at rest

32
Q

Auscultatory gap

A

Silent interval present b/t the systolic and diastolic pressures

33
Q

Cyanosis

A

blue color of oral mucosa and nail beds. Associated with anemia and/or hypoxia

34
Q

Hyperpyrexia

A

Fever, > 38 C, 100.5 F

35
Q

Hypothermia

A

Low Temp < 35 C, 95 F (core)

Physical Assessment (2 decks)

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