Physical Assessment of the child

Question 1

Growth vs development

Answer 1

Growth is physical

Development is mental

Question 2

Growth a d development pattern

Answer 2

They are definite, predictable, continuous, orderly, progressive and basic to all humans

Question 3

Cephalocaudal

Answer 3

Development and maturation form head to toe.

Ex. Head develops first and is kore complex, then lower body (smaller and simpler)

Question 4

Proximodistal

Answer 4

Near to far.

From midline out

Bilateral and symmetrical

Question 5

General

Answer 5

Mass to specific

Gross movement takes place before fine motor skills

Question 6

When is child most susceptible to physical and psychological maladaptation

Answer 6

Physical-First 90 days

Psychological-First year

Question 7

Assessing G and D

Answer 7

Growth charts, graphs, scales

Screening tests-DDST
-what can a child do at each age. Done from birth to 6 years old

Question 8

Anterior fontanel

Answer 8

Closes in 18 months

Question 9

Posterior fontanel

Answer 9

Closes in 2 months

Question 10

Assessing fontanel

Answer 10

Shape, bulging, sunken in

Question 11

Teeth

Answer 11

Begins at 6-7 months but varies

6-8 teeth by 12 months

Full set by 2.5 yrs

Question 12

Calculating teeth

Answer 12

Age in months - 6

Question 13

Measurments

Answer 13

Measure circumference of head, chest, and abdoman

Question 14

Vital signs of infant and toddler

Answer 14

Count respirations first

Apical hear rate 2nd

Blood pressure 3rd if needed

Temperature last

Question 15

Physical assessment

Answer 15

Apical pulse is 120-160 (most reliable until 2 years)
-less than 100 is cause for concern

Record child’s activity

BP of 50-70 systolic and 25-40 diastolic
-cuff should be 2/3 of upper arm

Temp-stabilizes after 1 week.
-if feels warm recheck
-if administer Tylenol recheck in 45-60 minutes

Respiratory rate-30-60
-by 12 months less than 30
-note abdominal movements

Question 16

Fine motor development

Answer 16

Use of hands and fingertips to hold things

Question 17

Palmer grasp

Answer 17

By 5 months able to grasp with palms. hold bottle by 6 months.

Replaced by pincer grasp by 10 months.
-hold crumbs, bread and eat finger foods.

Question 18

Cognitive development

Answer 18

Language is apart of it

Question 19

Crying

Answer 19

First form of verbal communication

Question 20

What does cooing and laughing occur as a response to

Answer 20

Being spoken to

Question 21

8 months

Answer 21

Saying dada

Question 22

9 months

Answer 22

Knows name

Meaning of mo

Question 23

12 months

Answer 23

Says 2-3 words with meaning

Question 24

Socialization

Answer 24

8 months: peek a boo

10 months: patty cake

Question 25

Nursing interventions

Answer 25

Talking softly
Meet infant at eye level
Avoid sudden intrusive gestures
Talk to client from outside room
Maintain safe distance

Question 26

Is head circumference usually larger than chest

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

Do we have to assess measurements and fontanels

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

When can fontanels have normal bulge

Answer 28

When baby cries

Question 29

What can cause a sunken in fontanel

Answer 29

Dehydration

Question 30

Shape of normal fontanel

Answer 30

Flat

Question 31

What do reflexes assess

Answer 31

Central Nervous system

Question 32

Landmarks for measurements

Answer 32

Eyebrows for head

Nipples for chest

Question 33

Rooting reflex

Answer 33

Stops at 3-4 months

Question 34

Palmer grasp

Answer 34

Disappears at 3-4 months

Question 35

Plantar grasp

Answer 35

Disappears at 8 months

Question 36

Tonic neck

Answer 36

Disappears at 3-4 months

Question 37

Maro reflex

Answer 37

Disappears at 3-4 months

Question 38

Babinski relex

Answer 38

Disappears at 12-18 months

Question 39

Stepping/dancing reflex

Answer 39

Disappears at 3-4 months

Question 40

Preschooler Vitals

Answer 40

Pulse-90 to 100 bpm
Resp-22 to 25 breaths per minute