Physical and Sensory Disability

Question 1

Impairment

Answer 1

Functional limitation caused by the physical, mental or sensory impairment

Question 2

Disability

Answer 2

Loss/limitation of opportunity to participate in the normal life of the community on an equal level with others due to physical or social barriers

Question 3

Handicap

Answer 3

Disadvantage suffered as a consequence of impairment and disability

Question 4

Prenatal causes of physical disability

Answer 4

Acquired before birth
Cerebral palsy

Question 5

Perinatal causes of physical disability

Answer 5

Acquired some weeks before to and up to four weeks after birth in humans
Genetic disorders or accidents

Question 6

Post natal disabilities

Answer 6

Gained after birth
Poliomyelitis

Question 7

Cerebral palsy

Answer 7

Congenital physical handicap
3 types: athenoid/spastic/ataxic

Question 8

Athenoid cerebral palsy

Answer 8

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy
Associated with damage to the basal ganglia in the form of lesions that occur during brain damage due to bilirubin encephalopathy and hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury

Question 9

Spastic cerebral palsy

Answer 9

Upper motor neuron lesion
excessive muscle tone and contracture
wheelchair bound

Question 10

Ataxic cerebral palsy

Answer 10

5 to 10% of all people with CP
Least common
Lack of coordination and order
Speech and oral issues

Question 11

Physical characteristics of cerebral palsy

Answer 11

paralysis - paraplegia (injury to spinal cord below the neck) and quadriplegia (injury to spinal cord in the neck)
Altered muscle tone
Loss of/inability to use one or more limbs
Difficulty using gross or fine motor skills

Question 12

Dental implications of cerebral palsy

Answer 12

Gingival hyperplasia
Increased caries
Malocclusion
Enamel hypoplasia
Erosion
Drooling
Increased gag reflex and perioral sensitivity

Question 13

Thalidome syndrome

Answer 13

severe limb deformities manifest as trunk lacks either arms, legs or both.
Enamel hypoplasia, cleft palate and abnormalities in tongue morphology

Question 14

Muscular dystrophy

Answer 14

Progressive loss of muscle mass and consequent loss of strength
1/5000 forms of muscular dystrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common
Caused by the genetic mutations that interfere with the production of muscle proteins that needed to build and maintain healthy muscles

Question 15

Types of hearing loss

Answer 15

Conductive - middle or external ear disorders
Sensorineural - hearing loss due to defect of the cochlear nerve or its central connections
Hearing - exposure to very loud noises