Physical and motor development Flashcards
Puberty
- Rapid physical maturation
- Hormonal changes:
Androgens and Estrogens - Sexual Maturation
- Adolescent growth spurt: onset of puberty triggers release of sex hormones
Triggers psychological adjustment and changes
Neuroconstructivist View
Biological processes+Environmental influences
= Brain development
Brain Growth
- Birth to three years Myelination Dendritic spreading - Adolescence Corpus callosum Amygdala - Late adolescence to Early Adulthood Prefrontal cortex
Neural Plasticity
Before synaptogenesis is complete, there is some flexibility in synapse development and function; brain can compensate for deficits or problems in brain development by reorganizing synapses (high before 2 yrs, then lowers
Development of Motor Coordination
Infants show involuntary movements called reflexes
Disappear around 4 months, as movement becomes VOLUNTARY
Voluntary Movement
Gross motor skills
Fine motor skills
Developmental Milestone
developmental delay
when a child has not achieved a developmental milestone within reasonable proximity to the average or range
Accidental death and injury
Leading causes of death
Ages 1 to 44: Unintentional Injury
- Car accidents
- Drowning
- Falling
- Household accidents
Ages 15 to 24:
- 2=homicide, 3=suicide
Ages 25-34
- 2=suicide, 3= homicide
Developmental Milestone
a set of skills or tasks that most children can perform at a certain age
- Social Smiling: begins 2-3 months
- Walking Independently: 11 to 13 months
Nutrition
process of obtaining and consuming food; process of breaking down food by the body to use for energy
How does obesity affect child growth and development
Poor physical health/Illness
- Heart disease, diabetes, etc.
Poor social/emotional health
- Self-esteem
- Peer relationships
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Eating Disorders
