physical and cognitive development in young adulthood

Question 1

what defines emerging adulthood?

Answer 1

the lack of need for a family for financial support delays the landmarks often associated with adulthood like childbearing and marriage.

Question 2

what is Schaie’s theory of environmental pressures

Answer 2

according to Schaie, young adults need to solve ill-structured problems which are problems with no clear answer such as whether to get married or what career to seek.

Question 3

what are Shaie’s stages

Answer 3

acquisition stage
achieving stage
responsible stage
executive stage
reorganization stage
reintegrative stage
legacy-leaving stage

Question 4

what is the acquisition stage

Answer 4

adolescent are procetced from life’s responsabitities and can solve problems that do not have a practical application. they can learn for learning’s sake

Question 5

what is the achieving stage

Answer 5

the intellectual skills acquired during adolescence are being honed and used to solve problems with long-terms application

Question 6

what is the responsible stage

Answer 6

problem solving takes into account the needs of others for whom the middle adult is responsible for, such as wife and coworkers.

Question 7

what is the executive stage

Answer 7

for people to take supervisory roles and need to work on the consequences of their actions by learning more about complex relationships

Question 8

what is the reorganizational stage

Answer 8

early old years are characterized with narrower responsibilities that change the focus on the self again

Question 9

reintegrative stage

Answer 9

elder people spend their time to practice skills that are immediately beneficial to them and do not want to waste time on skill that would not be beneficial for their lives

Question 10

legacy-leaving stage

Answer 10

working on establishing an account of their lives to pass on to the following generations

Question 11

stages of college according to Perry

Answer 11

position 1: strict dualism
position 2: multiplicity (prelegitimate)
position 3: multiplicity (subordinate)
position 4: late multiplicity
position 5: contextual relativism
position 6: commitment foreseen
position 7, 8, 9: commitment and resolve

Question 12

strict dualism

Answer 12

trusting the truth from authority without questioning

Question 13

multiplicity (prelegitimate)

Answer 13

students encounter the multiplicity of theories but may maintain some idea that authority has the ultimate truth. students are confused because they do not have the capacity to organize all these new ideas

Question 14

multiplicity (subordinate)

Answer 14

realizing that reasonable people may have differing views and that authority figure may not have all the answers. students may come to conflict with the idea that the world is not all just

Question 15

late multiplicity

Answer 15

two possible outcomes
oppositional solution: either the authority is right or no one is, making their opinions equal
relative subordinate solution: understanding that some ideas are more valid than others depending on the support provided

Question 16

contextual relativism

Answer 16

students understand to respect other opinions but are able to use critical thinking skills to evaluate theories based on the support provided

Question 17

commitment foreseen

Answer 17

students start to commit to a specific worldview even though they realize there may be others that are equally valid

Question 18

commitment and resolve

Answer 18

flowering of commitment and resolve to continue the exploration of ideas through adulthood

Question 19

stage 1 emergence of reflective judgement

Answer 19

knowing is limited to single concrete instances

Question 20

stage 2 emergence of reflective judgement

Answer 20

two categories of knowing: right answers and wrong answers

Question 21

stage 3 emergence of reflective judgement

Answer 21

knowledge is uncertain in some areas and certain in others

Question 22

stage 4 emergence of reflective judgement

Answer 22

given that knowledge is unknown in some cases, knowledge is assumed to be uncertain in general

Question 23

stage 5 emergence of reflective judgement

Answer 23

knowledge is uncertain and must be understood within a context; can be justified by arguments within those contexts

Question 24

stage 6 emergence of reflective judgement

Answer 24

knowlegde is uncertain; constructed by comparing and coordinating evidence and options

Question 25

stage 7 emergence of reflective judgement

Answer 25

knowledge develops probabilistically through inquiry that generalizes across domains

Question 26

“the person who” fallacy

Answer 26

discarding theories that have extensive support because of the knowledge of a person who is the exception

Question 27

vividness effect

Answer 27

some vivid facts, like testimonials from personal experience could draw our attention even though they may conflict with supported data

Question 28

Critical thinking

Answer 28

The ability to think clearly which means to make judgements based on evidence and being able to reflect upon one’s quality of thinking