Physical and Chemical Principles Flashcards
What is the maximum capacity of d-orbital?
10 electrons
What is the shape of s-orbital?
Spherical
What do you mean by Zeeman Effect?
Splitting of spectral lines by magnetic field
Which series of hydrogen atomic spectrum lies in the visible region?
Balmer series
The element with the minimum atomic number having 8 electrons in the outer most shell is what?
Neon
How many electrons can be accommodated in the M shell?
18
An electron jumps in to the next lower orbit when loses what?
One quantum of energy
Who put forward the principle of uncertainty?
Werner Heisenberg
The steady state from which no spontaneous change takes place is called what?
Equilibrium
The chemical reactions which never go to completion are called what?
Reversible reactions
The process of manufacture of Sulfuric acid is named as what?
Contact Process
What is known as a system of reacting substances in which the concentrations of reactants and product do not undergo any change?
Chemical equilibrium
When temperature is decreased the speed of the reaction increases. Which was the action?
Exothermic
A factor which is unable to alter the equilibrium state of reactions in which only solids or liquids are present is?
Pressure
What must be constant for the system to reach equilibrium?
Temperature
Name the reactant used in excess in contact process?
Air
Name the scientist who described about reactions that go forward and backward.
Berthollet
What is the name of process used for manufacturing ammonia direct from Nitrogen and hydrogen elements?
Haber Process
Who put forward a principle relating to the equilibrium system?
Le Chatelier
Which is the best conductor of electric current?
Silver
Which substance increases its electrical resistance on increasing temperature?
Metallic conductors
Who gave the scientific explanation to the electrolytic reaction?
Faraday
Which non-metal shows metallic conduction?
Graphite
Which has greater ability to giveaway electron?
Sodium atom
Electrolytic refining is used to refine what?
Copper
Which group contains the elements with the largest atomic size?
First group
What is the basis for modern classification of the elements?
Atomic number
What kind of elements form co-ordination compound?
Transition metals
What are the elements of second group called?
Alkaline earth metals
Who was the first one to start the classification of elements?
Mendeleev
Which element has the highest electron affinity?
Fluorine
Which elements form large number of hydrides?
Carbon
The gas given out when sodium is put in to water, evolves from?
Water
What is mean by the word halogen?
Salt producer
What is the total number of inner transition metals?
28
What kind of elements occupy maximum in the Lothar Meyer curve?
Alkali metals
What was the basis for Mendeleev classification of elements?
Atomic weight
What kind of elements generally from colored compounds?
Transition metals
Who studied the relationship between atomic volume and atomic weight?
Lothar Meyer
What kind of elements have highest ionization energy?
Rare gases
How many groups are there in the modern periodic table?
18
How many periods are there in the Long form periodic table?
7
Newland’s classification of elements was based on what?
Law of octaves
The attempt to classify the elements as triad was made by whom?
Dobereiner
The only metal that is naturally antibacterial
Copper
Densest known stable element on Earth
Osmium
Heaviest element found on Earth so far
Ununoctium (AN=118)
Most common metal in the Earth’s crust
Aluminum
Rarest element on Earth
Astatine
Coldest state of matter, it also defies gravity and instead of flowing down, it flows upwards
Bose Einstein Condensate
Ozone can be found in
Stratosphere
Trace metal that causes Minamata Disease
Mercury
Also known as Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
RA 9003
A type of organism used for monitoring the pathogenic property of water
Coliform
The hardness of water can be expressed as g/l of?
CaCO3
The International Standards on Quality Management and Quality Service
ISO 9000
Major components of photochemical smog
NOx and hydrocarbon
Biological decomposition of organic matter accompanied by the production of foul smelling products in anaerobic condition
Putrefaction
Is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
Kyoto Protocol
Only nations that haven’t signed Kyoto Protocol
Afghanistan, USA and Sudan
Finalized in 1987, is a global agreement to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
Montreal Protocol
3 factors that affect dissolved oxygen levels
Temperature, Salinity and Pressure
Most of the bacteria in sewage are
Saprophytic
Hardwater are largely made up of
Calcium and Magnesium
Also known as Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
RA 8749
Key component of photochemical smog
Ozone
Most expensive substance on Earth
Californium
A metal that melts on the palm of the hand due to its melting point
Gallium
Metal with the highest melting point
Tungsten
The only two non-white metal
Gold and copper
The only metal that is liquid at room temperature
Mercury
It is the least dense substance
Hydrogen Gas
Most abundant element in the universe
Hydrogen
Most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, waters and atmosphere
Oxygen
The only letter not appearing in the periodic table
J
It states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed
Law of Conservation of Mass
It states that a given compounds always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by weight
Law of Definite Proportion
It states that if two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element, are in the ratio of small whole numbers
Law of Multiple Proportion
Pairs of German scientists who discovered the
atomic fission of uranium and set the stage for the nuclear age?
Hahn and Strassman
Who was the first American chemist to receive a Nobel Prize? He
was selected in 1914 for his precise determination of atomic weights.
Theodore Richards
It refers to the number of molecules or
ions attached to a central metallic atom?
Coordination number
What is the common name for calcium oxide, CaO?
Quicklime
It refers to a material which slows
neutrons
Moderator
It refers to the scattering of light by colloidal
particles
Tyndall Effect
What term is used to describe silver which contains 7.5% copper?
Sterling
The noble gases have low boiling points because
Only weak Van der Waals forces hold the atoms together
What is the common name given to a mixture of three parts of
concentrated hydrochloric acid and one part concentrated nitric acid?
Aqua Regia
The halogen with the largest atomic radius is
Astatine
How many milligrams are in one metric carat?
200 mg
After carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the next most abundant element
in proteins is
Nitrogen
What is the name of the organic compound whose chemical name is
amygdalin (pron: a-MIG-da-lin) and is found in the pits of apricots and peaches?
Laetrile
Name the element discovered upon its extraction from pitchblende?
Uranium
All proteins contain at least 5 specific elements. Four of them are
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. What is the fifth element?
Sulfur
Excluding Astatine, which halogen does NOT replace the other
halogens from their compounds?
Iodine
The hydrolysis of a fat using a solution of a strong hydroxide is called
Saponification
Who hypothesized that it would be impossible to know the exact
location and exact momentum of a particle at the same time?
Heisenberg
Metallic elements are often obtained from ores. Name the metallic
element which is produced from the ore Bauxite.
Aluminum
Four of the lightest ten elements in the periodic table are solids at
standard temperature and pressure. Name these four elements.
Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon
Who developed the equation that is used to determine the PROBABILITY of finding the electron in any given place?
Schrodinger
Who patented the common dry cell?
Georges Lechalanche
What is the pH of a solution that is 1000 times more acidic than pure water?
4
What is the word that describes a substance that reacts with both
strong acids and strong bases?
Amphoteric
What is the name of the point on a phase diagram which indicates the
temperature above which a gas cannot be converted to a liquid?
Critical Temperature
A mystical substance supposedly released during combustion was called
Phlogiston
What term describes the process when a solid phase changes directly
to the gas phase?
Sublimation
What is the active ingredient in many common laxative that is also an
acid-base indicator?
Phenolphthalein
What naturally occurring radioactive element is so common in homes
that testing for its presence is often advisable?
Radon
What force between molecules tends to cause most common gases
to behave as non-ideal gases?
Van Der Waals force
What is the name given to the non-superimposable mirror image
forms of chiral compounds?
Enantiomers
What is the name of the bond that joins amino acids together in a
protein?
Peptide Bond
The lanthanide series elements are also known as
Rare earth elements
The inventor of the Kelvin temperature scale was
Sir William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)
The pH range over which an indicator color change occurs is
referred to as
Transition Interval
Brass is an alloy of what two elements?
Copper and Zinc
Alloying materials used in the manufacture of stainless steel
Chromium and Nickel
The first organic compound synthesized in 1828 by Frederich Wohler was
Urea
Name the PRINCIPAL cancer-causing agent in Agent Orange
Dioxin
What is responsible for the reddish, brown color of photochemical smog?
Nitrogen Dioxide
Which of the following chemists was the first to use letters as
symbols for elements?
Jons Jacob Berzelius
Enzyme that catalyzes oxidation or reduction reactions
Oxioreductases
Enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group (such as methyl) from one molecule to another
Transferase
Enzyme responsible for breaking the chemical bonds with the addition water.
Hydrolases
Reactions that generates double bond are brought about by this enzyme
Lyases
Enzyme that catalyzes structural changes within a molecule – this just brings about a change in shape since there is only one substrate and one product with nothing gained or lost.
Isomerases
Enzyme responsible for joining of two subtrates together
Ligases
It is use to determine the molecular formula of oil
Saponification Number
Major air pollutant emitted by vehicles
CO
Purest form of iron
Wrought iron
Who was credited for the discovery of oxygen?
J.B Priestly
Gasoline does not dissolve in water because it contains
Alkanes
The melting point and boiling point of halogens:
Increases with increasing mass number
With regards to corrosion of metals, passivation is the process that
Inhibits further deterioration
Percentage hydrogen on the earth’s crust
1% by weight
The liquid oxygen boils at
-183 degree celsius
Retinal, retinol and retinoic acid are stable form of
Vitamin A
It is derived from papaya and is a natural meat tenderirzer
Papain
Common microorganism used for penicillin manufacture
Mold
Simplest type of carbohydrate
Glucose
The product obtained from the hydrolysis of collagen
Gelatin
Acts as a hydrogen carrier in metabolic reactions
NAD
Group of microorganisms that grow best in the presence of low oxygen
microaerophiles
Protein is the main constituent of
milk
Glucose on reduction yields
sorbitol
Site for protein synthesis
cytoplasm
Enzymes that gives flavor in cheese
lipase
Bacteria which converts alcoholic solution to vinegar
acetobacters
Who discovered positron?
Carl David Anderson
The chemical most commonly used to speed sedimentation of sewage
lime
The second is the duration of radiation of what radioactive element?
cesium
The lowest energy and the most stable conformation
staggered
The highest energy and the least stable conformation
eclipsed
This gives the total number of bonds and rings in a molecule
degree of unsaturation
Isomers that differ in the location of a double bond and hydrogen
tautomers
