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DAY1 > Physical and Chemical Principles > Flashcards

Physical and Chemical Principles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the maximum capacity of d-orbital?

A

10 electrons

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2
Q

What is the shape of s-orbital?

A

Spherical

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3
Q

What do you mean by Zeeman Effect?

A

Splitting of spectral lines by magnetic field

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4
Q

Which series of hydrogen atomic spectrum lies in the visible region?

A

Balmer series

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5
Q

The element with the minimum atomic number having 8 electrons in the outer most shell is what?

A

Neon

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6
Q

How many electrons can be accommodated in the M shell?

A

18

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7
Q

An electron jumps in to the next lower orbit when loses what?

A

One quantum of energy

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8
Q

Who put forward the principle of uncertainty?

A

Werner Heisenberg

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9
Q

The steady state from which no spontaneous change takes place is called what?

A

Equilibrium

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10
Q

The chemical reactions which never go to completion are called what?

A

Reversible reactions

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11
Q

The process of manufacture of Sulfuric acid is named as what?

A

Contact Process

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12
Q

What is known as a system of reacting substances in which the concentrations of reactants and product do not undergo any change?

A

Chemical equilibrium

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13
Q

When temperature is decreased the speed of the reaction increases. Which was the action?

A

Exothermic

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14
Q

A factor which is unable to alter the equilibrium state of reactions in which only solids or liquids are present is?

A

Pressure

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15
Q

What must be constant for the system to reach equilibrium?

A

Temperature

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16
Q

Name the reactant used in excess in contact process?

A

Air

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17
Q

Name the scientist who described about reactions that go forward and backward.

A

Berthollet

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18
Q

What is the name of process used for manufacturing ammonia direct from Nitrogen and hydrogen elements?

A

Haber Process

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19
Q

Who put forward a principle relating to the equilibrium system?

A

Le Chatelier

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20
Q

Which is the best conductor of electric current?

A

Silver

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21
Q

Which substance increases its electrical resistance on increasing temperature?

A

Metallic conductors

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22
Q

Who gave the scientific explanation to the electrolytic reaction?

A

Faraday

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23
Q

Which non-metal shows metallic conduction?

A

Graphite

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24
Q

Which has greater ability to giveaway electron?

A

Sodium atom

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25
Q

Electrolytic refining is used to refine what?

A

Copper

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26
Q

Which group contains the elements with the largest atomic size?

A

First group

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27
Q

What is the basis for modern classification of the elements?

A

Atomic number

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28
Q

What kind of elements form co-ordination compound?

A

Transition metals

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29
Q

What are the elements of second group called?

A

Alkaline earth metals

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30
Q

Who was the first one to start the classification of elements?

A

Mendeleev

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31
Q

Which element has the highest electron affinity?

A

Fluorine

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32
Q

Which elements form large number of hydrides?

A

Carbon

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33
Q

The gas given out when sodium is put in to water, evolves from?

A

Water

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34
Q

What is mean by the word halogen?

A

Salt producer

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35
Q

What is the total number of inner transition metals?

A

28

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36
Q

What kind of elements occupy maximum in the Lothar Meyer curve?

A

Alkali metals

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37
Q

What was the basis for Mendeleev classification of elements?

A

Atomic weight

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38
Q

What kind of elements generally from colored compounds?

A

Transition metals

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39
Q

Who studied the relationship between atomic volume and atomic weight?

A

Lothar Meyer

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40
Q

What kind of elements have highest ionization energy?

A

Rare gases

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41
Q

How many groups are there in the modern periodic table?

A

18

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42
Q

How many periods are there in the Long form periodic table?

A

7

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43
Q

Newland’s classification of elements was based on what?

A

Law of octaves

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44
Q

The attempt to classify the elements as triad was made by whom?

A

Dobereiner

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45
Q

The only metal that is naturally antibacterial

A

Copper

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46
Q

Densest known stable element on Earth

A

Osmium

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47
Q

Heaviest element found on Earth so far

A

Ununoctium (AN=118)

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48
Q

Most common metal in the Earth’s crust

A

Aluminum

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49
Q

Rarest element on Earth

A

Astatine

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50
Q

Coldest state of matter, it also defies gravity and instead of flowing down, it flows upwards

A

Bose Einstein Condensate

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51
Q

Ozone can be found in

A

Stratosphere

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52
Q

Trace metal that causes Minamata Disease

A

Mercury

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53
Q

Also known as Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

A

RA 9003

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54
Q

A type of organism used for monitoring the pathogenic property of water

A

Coliform

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55
Q

The hardness of water can be expressed as g/l of?

A

CaCO3

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56
Q

The International Standards on Quality Management and Quality Service

A

ISO 9000

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57
Q

Major components of photochemical smog

A

NOx and hydrocarbon

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58
Q

Biological decomposition of organic matter accompanied by the production of foul smelling products in anaerobic condition

A

Putrefaction

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59
Q

Is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,

A

Kyoto Protocol

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60
Q

Only nations that haven’t signed Kyoto Protocol

A

Afghanistan, USA and Sudan

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61
Q

Finalized in 1987, is a global agreement to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS).

A

Montreal Protocol

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62
Q

3 factors that affect dissolved oxygen levels

A

Temperature, Salinity and Pressure

63
Q

Most of the bacteria in sewage are

A

Saprophytic

64
Q

Hardwater are largely made up of

A

Calcium and Magnesium

65
Q

Also known as Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

A

RA 8749

66
Q

Key component of photochemical smog

A

Ozone

67
Q

Most expensive substance on Earth

A

Californium

68
Q

A metal that melts on the palm of the hand due to its melting point

A

Gallium

69
Q

Metal with the highest melting point

A

Tungsten

70
Q

The only two non-white metal

A

Gold and copper

71
Q

The only metal that is liquid at room temperature

A

Mercury

72
Q

It is the least dense substance

A

Hydrogen Gas

73
Q

Most abundant element in the universe

A

Hydrogen

74
Q

Most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, waters and atmosphere

A

Oxygen

75
Q

The only letter not appearing in the periodic table

A

J

76
Q

It states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed

A

Law of Conservation of Mass

77
Q

It states that a given compounds always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by weight

A

Law of Definite Proportion

78
Q

It states that if two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element, are in the ratio of small whole numbers

A

Law of Multiple Proportion

79
Q

Pairs of German scientists who discovered the

atomic fission of uranium and set the stage for the nuclear age?

A

Hahn and Strassman

80
Q

Who was the first American chemist to receive a Nobel Prize? He
was selected in 1914 for his precise determination of atomic weights.

A

Theodore Richards

81
Q

It refers to the number of molecules or

ions attached to a central metallic atom?

A

Coordination number

82
Q

What is the common name for calcium oxide, CaO?

A

Quicklime

83
Q

It refers to a material which slows

neutrons

A

Moderator

84
Q

It refers to the scattering of light by colloidal

particles

A

Tyndall Effect

85
Q

What term is used to describe silver which contains 7.5% copper?

A

Sterling

86
Q

The noble gases have low boiling points because

A

Only weak Van der Waals forces hold the atoms together

87
Q

What is the common name given to a mixture of three parts of

concentrated hydrochloric acid and one part concentrated nitric acid?

A

Aqua Regia

88
Q

The halogen with the largest atomic radius is

A

Astatine

89
Q

How many milligrams are in one metric carat?

A

200 mg

90
Q

After carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the next most abundant element
in proteins is

A

Nitrogen

91
Q

What is the name of the organic compound whose chemical name is
amygdalin (pron: a-MIG-da-lin) and is found in the pits of apricots and peaches?

A

Laetrile

92
Q

Name the element discovered upon its extraction from pitchblende?

A

Uranium

93
Q

All proteins contain at least 5 specific elements. Four of them are
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. What is the fifth element?

A

Sulfur

94
Q

Excluding Astatine, which halogen does NOT replace the other

halogens from their compounds?

A

Iodine

95
Q

The hydrolysis of a fat using a solution of a strong hydroxide is called

A

Saponification

96
Q

Who hypothesized that it would be impossible to know the exact
location and exact momentum of a particle at the same time?

A

Heisenberg

97
Q

Metallic elements are often obtained from ores. Name the metallic
element which is produced from the ore Bauxite.

A

Aluminum

98
Q

Four of the lightest ten elements in the periodic table are solids at
standard temperature and pressure. Name these four elements.

A

Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon

99
Q

Who developed the equation that is used to determine the PROBABILITY of finding the electron in any given place?

A

Schrodinger

100
Q

Who patented the common dry cell?

A

Georges Lechalanche

101
Q

What is the pH of a solution that is 1000 times more acidic than pure water?

A

4

102
Q

What is the word that describes a substance that reacts with both
strong acids and strong bases?

A

Amphoteric

103
Q

What is the name of the point on a phase diagram which indicates the
temperature above which a gas cannot be converted to a liquid?

A

Critical Temperature

104
Q

A mystical substance supposedly released during combustion was called

A

Phlogiston

105
Q

What term describes the process when a solid phase changes directly
to the gas phase?

A

Sublimation

106
Q

What is the active ingredient in many common laxative that is also an
acid-base indicator?

A

Phenolphthalein

107
Q

What naturally occurring radioactive element is so common in homes
that testing for its presence is often advisable?

A

Radon

108
Q

What force between molecules tends to cause most common gases
to behave as non-ideal gases?

A

Van Der Waals force

109
Q

What is the name given to the non-superimposable mirror image
forms of chiral compounds?

A

Enantiomers

110
Q

What is the name of the bond that joins amino acids together in a
protein?

A

Peptide Bond

111
Q

The lanthanide series elements are also known as

A

Rare earth elements

112
Q

The inventor of the Kelvin temperature scale was

A

Sir William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)

113
Q

The pH range over which an indicator color change occurs is

referred to as

A

Transition Interval

114
Q

Brass is an alloy of what two elements?

A

Copper and Zinc

115
Q

Alloying materials used in the manufacture of stainless steel

A

Chromium and Nickel

116
Q

The first organic compound synthesized in 1828 by Frederich Wohler was

A

Urea

117
Q

Name the PRINCIPAL cancer-causing agent in Agent Orange

A

Dioxin

118
Q

What is responsible for the reddish, brown color of photochemical smog?

A

Nitrogen Dioxide

119
Q

Which of the following chemists was the first to use letters as
symbols for elements?

A

Jons Jacob Berzelius

120
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes oxidation or reduction reactions

A

Oxioreductases

121
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group (such as methyl) from one molecule to another

A

Transferase

122
Q

Enzyme responsible for breaking the chemical bonds with the addition water.

A

Hydrolases

123
Q

Reactions that generates double bond are brought about by this enzyme

A

Lyases

124
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes structural changes within a molecule – this just brings about a change in shape since there is only one substrate and one product with nothing gained or lost.

A

Isomerases

125
Q

Enzyme responsible for joining of two subtrates together

A

Ligases

126
Q

It is use to determine the molecular formula of oil

A

Saponification Number

127
Q

Major air pollutant emitted by vehicles

A

CO

128
Q

Purest form of iron

A

Wrought iron

129
Q

Who was credited for the discovery of oxygen?

A

J.B Priestly

130
Q

Gasoline does not dissolve in water because it contains

A

Alkanes

131
Q

The melting point and boiling point of halogens:

A

Increases with increasing mass number

132
Q

With regards to corrosion of metals, passivation is the process that

A

Inhibits further deterioration

133
Q

Percentage hydrogen on the earth’s crust

A

1% by weight

134
Q

The liquid oxygen boils at

A

-183 degree celsius

135
Q

Retinal, retinol and retinoic acid are stable form of

A

Vitamin A

136
Q

It is derived from papaya and is a natural meat tenderirzer

A

Papain

137
Q

Common microorganism used for penicillin manufacture

A

Mold

138
Q

Simplest type of carbohydrate

A

Glucose

139
Q

The product obtained from the hydrolysis of collagen

A

Gelatin

140
Q

Acts as a hydrogen carrier in metabolic reactions

A

NAD

141
Q

Group of microorganisms that grow best in the presence of low oxygen

A

microaerophiles

142
Q

Protein is the main constituent of

A

milk

143
Q

Glucose on reduction yields

A

sorbitol

144
Q

Site for protein synthesis

A

cytoplasm

145
Q

Enzymes that gives flavor in cheese

A

lipase

146
Q

Bacteria which converts alcoholic solution to vinegar

A

acetobacters

147
Q

Who discovered positron?

A

Carl David Anderson

148
Q

The chemical most commonly used to speed sedimentation of sewage

A

lime

149
Q

The second is the duration of radiation of what radioactive element?

A

cesium

150
Q

The lowest energy and the most stable conformation

A

staggered

151
Q

The highest energy and the least stable conformation

A

eclipsed

152
Q

This gives the total number of bonds and rings in a molecule

A

degree of unsaturation

153
Q

Isomers that differ in the location of a double bond and hydrogen

A

tautomers

DAY1 (2 decks)

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