Physical and Chemical Exam of Urine

Question 1

True or False: You label the lid of the urine container with DOB, ID#, time, tests, etc.?

Answer 1

FALSE: You label the container

Question 2

Changes at room temperature: Increase of decrease? pH

Answer 2

increase

Question 3

Changes at room temperature: Increase of decrease? glucose

Answer 3

Decrease

Question 4

Changes at room temperature: Increase of decrease? ketones

Answer 4

decrease

Question 5

Changes at room temperature: Increase of decrease? bilirubin

Answer 5

decrease

Question 6

Changes at room temperature: Increase of decrease? urobilinogen

Answer 6

decrease

Question 7

Changes at room temperature: Increase of decrease? bacteria

Answer 7

increase

Question 8

Changes at room temperature: Increase of decrease? turbidity

Answer 8

increased

Question 9

A silly pneumonic to remember changes at room temperature:

Answer 9

DECREASE the amount Grant (glucose) Keeps (ketones) Billy’s (bilirubin) Urobilinogen (urobilinogen). INCREASE Putting (pH) Bacteria (bacteria) Tobed (turbidity). :)

Question 10

Avg. volume of urine/24 hours

Answer 10

1200 to 1500 ml/24 hours

Question 11

I micturated and it had white foam which indicates what?

Answer 11

Protein is present

Question 12

I micturated and yellow foam was present. This indicates what?

Answer 12

Bilirubin is present

Question 13

Pre-renal glycosuria means what?

Answer 13

plasma glucose level exceeds renal threshold (DM)

Question 14

Renal glycosuria

Answer 14

plasma glucose level below threshold, but tubules cannot reabsorb glucose back into bloodstream

Question 15

What can cause a false positive for glucose?

Answer 15

Strong oxidizing agents (bleach) or peroxides

Question 16

False negative for glucose caused by

Answer 16

Ascorbic acid, high ketones, improperly stored urine.

Question 17

A clinitest detects what

Answer 17

All reducing sugars. NOT sucrose

Question 18

What type of bilirubin is found in urine?

Answer 18

Conjugated biliruben

Question 19

False negative for bilirubin from:

Answer 19

Ascorbic acid, high urine nitrites, low bilirubin concentration, improper specimen handling (protect from the light)

Question 20

False positive for bilirubin

Answer 20

Urine color interference, drug induced color changes.

Question 21

I just micturated and it smells fruity. This indicates what is present in my urine?

Answer 21

Ketones

Question 22

A false positive for blood could be from

Answer 22

Menstrual contamination, bleach, microbial peroxidases

Question 23

False negative for blood could be from

Answer 23

Ascorbic acid

Question 24

Hematuria means what? Hemoglobinuria means what? Myoglobinuria means what? All of these will give a positive blood reaction!

Answer 24

Hematuria= intact RBC, Hemoglobinuria=hemolyzed RBC, and myoglobinuria = muscle protein

Question 25

Urine is normally between 4.5-8.0. Acidic urine could be form:

Answer 25

acidosis, high protein diet, starvation, dehydration, or diarrhea

Question 26

Urine is normally between 4.5-8.0. alkaline urine could be form:

Answer 26

alkalosis, UTI, vegetarian diet, vomiting or chronic renal failure

Question 27

The most serious and common cause of proteinuria is:

Answer 27

Glomerular damage

Question 28

A false positive for protein can be from:

Answer 28

Highly buffered or alkaline urine >7.9

Question 29

False negative for protein from

Answer 29

dilute urine, presence of other proteins, exercise

Question 30

Normal levels of urobilingen are

Answer 30

0.2 to 1.0 mg/dl. Abnormal from hemolytic disease or liver disease.

Question 31

True or false: CANNOT determine the absence of UBG

Answer 31

True

Question 32

A false negative for nitrite:

Answer 32

Ascorbic acid, bacteria cannot reduce nitrates, bladder time not sufficient, low nitrite levels, antibiotic inhibition of bacteria, further reduction of nitrites to nitrogen

Question 33

False positive for nitrite

Answer 33

Substances that mask rxn color, foods (beets), drugs, improper handling

Question 34

False negative for leukocytes

Answer 34

Bleach or lymphocytes (no granules)

Question 35

Ascorbic acid causes a false negative for:

Answer 35

Blood, Bilirubin, Nitrite, and Glucose. (Bad Boys No Good)

Question 36

Bleach causes False positive for

Answer 36

Glucose and blood

Question 37

Bleach causes false negative for

Answer 37

Leukocytes

Question 38

Another place to look at questions for this section are where?

Answer 38

The Graded worksheet online! Happy studying!