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Med Lab- Test 1 > Physical and Chemical Exam of Urine > Flashcards

Physical and Chemical Exam of Urine Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: You label the lid of the urine container with DOB, ID#, time, tests, etc.?

A

FALSE: You label the container

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2
Q

Changes at room temperature: Increase of decrease? pH

A

increase

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3
Q

Changes at room temperature: Increase of decrease? glucose

A

Decrease

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4
Q

Changes at room temperature: Increase of decrease? ketones

A

decrease

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5
Q

Changes at room temperature: Increase of decrease? bilirubin

A

decrease

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6
Q

Changes at room temperature: Increase of decrease? urobilinogen

A

decrease

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7
Q

Changes at room temperature: Increase of decrease? bacteria

A

increase

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8
Q

Changes at room temperature: Increase of decrease? turbidity

A

increased

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9
Q

A silly pneumonic to remember changes at room temperature:

A

DECREASE the amount Grant (glucose) Keeps (ketones) Billy’s (bilirubin) Urobilinogen (urobilinogen). INCREASE Putting (pH) Bacteria (bacteria) Tobed (turbidity). :)

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10
Q

Avg. volume of urine/24 hours

A

1200 to 1500 ml/24 hours

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11
Q

I micturated and it had white foam which indicates what?

A

Protein is present

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12
Q

I micturated and yellow foam was present. This indicates what?

A

Bilirubin is present

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13
Q

Pre-renal glycosuria means what?

A

plasma glucose level exceeds renal threshold (DM)

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14
Q

Renal glycosuria

A

plasma glucose level below threshold, but tubules cannot reabsorb glucose back into bloodstream

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15
Q

What can cause a false positive for glucose?

A

Strong oxidizing agents (bleach) or peroxides

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16
Q

False negative for glucose caused by

A

Ascorbic acid, high ketones, improperly stored urine.

17
Q

A clinitest detects what

A

All reducing sugars. NOT sucrose

18
Q

What type of bilirubin is found in urine?

A

Conjugated biliruben

19
Q

False negative for bilirubin from:

A

Ascorbic acid, high urine nitrites, low bilirubin concentration, improper specimen handling (protect from the light)

20
Q

False positive for bilirubin

A

Urine color interference, drug induced color changes.

21
Q

I just micturated and it smells fruity. This indicates what is present in my urine?

A

Ketones

22
Q

A false positive for blood could be from

A

Menstrual contamination, bleach, microbial peroxidases

23
Q

False negative for blood could be from

A

Ascorbic acid

24
Q

Hematuria means what? Hemoglobinuria means what? Myoglobinuria means what? All of these will give a positive blood reaction!

A

Hematuria= intact RBC, Hemoglobinuria=hemolyzed RBC, and myoglobinuria = muscle protein

25
Q

Urine is normally between 4.5-8.0. Acidic urine could be form:

A

acidosis, high protein diet, starvation, dehydration, or diarrhea

26
Q

Urine is normally between 4.5-8.0. alkaline urine could be form:

A

alkalosis, UTI, vegetarian diet, vomiting or chronic renal failure

27
Q

The most serious and common cause of proteinuria is:

A

Glomerular damage

28
Q

A false positive for protein can be from:

A

Highly buffered or alkaline urine >7.9

29
Q

False negative for protein from

A

dilute urine, presence of other proteins, exercise

30
Q

Normal levels of urobilingen are

A

0.2 to 1.0 mg/dl. Abnormal from hemolytic disease or liver disease.

31
Q

True or false: CANNOT determine the absence of UBG

A

True

32
Q

A false negative for nitrite:

A

Ascorbic acid, bacteria cannot reduce nitrates, bladder time not sufficient, low nitrite levels, antibiotic inhibition of bacteria, further reduction of nitrites to nitrogen

33
Q

False positive for nitrite

A

Substances that mask rxn color, foods (beets), drugs, improper handling

34
Q

False negative for leukocytes

A

Bleach or lymphocytes (no granules)

35
Q

Ascorbic acid causes a false negative for:

A

Blood, Bilirubin, Nitrite, and Glucose. (Bad Boys No Good)

36
Q

Bleach causes False positive for

A

Glucose and blood

37
Q

Bleach causes false negative for

A

Leukocytes

38
Q

Another place to look at questions for this section are where?

A

The Graded worksheet online! Happy studying!

Med Lab- Test 1 (4 decks)

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