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Physical Dysfunction > Physical Agent Modalities > Flashcards

Physical Agent Modalities Flashcards

1
Q

physical agent modalities are defined as

A

superficial thermal agents, deep thermal agents, electrotherapeutic agents, and mechanical devices

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2
Q

when can PAG be used in OT practice

A

in preparation for of concurrently with purposeful and occupation based activities that ultimately enhance engagement in occupation

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3
Q

can PAG be used alone as OT treatment

A

no

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4
Q

what must OTs have in order to use PAGs

A

demonstrated verifiable competence
must have documented evidence of possessing theoretical background and technical skills for safe and competent integration of the modality into OT tx

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5
Q

when is superficial heat used

A

chronic or sub acute conditions

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6
Q

disadvantage of superficial heat

A

may exacerbate inflammation and swelling of acute injuries

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7
Q

advantages of superficial heat

A

reduces pain
relaxes
increases superficial soft tissue extensibility

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8
Q

conduction

A

occurs when two objects of different temps are in contact, heat moves from warmer to cooler objects

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9
Q

convection

A

temperature of the heat source and amount of heat to skin is maintained

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10
Q

what limits the depth of heat penetration

A

normal vascular responses

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11
Q

how deep does superficial heat go?

A

.5 cm below skin surface

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12
Q

what does heat do to vascular system

A

increases blood flow to area
increased release of histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandin at the site
relaxtion of smooth muscle of blood vessels
increases capillary permeability

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13
Q

what does heat do to skin

A

increases its elasticity and decreases its viscosity

may facilitate softening of scars

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14
Q

what does heat do to muscles

A

may reduce protective muscle guarding and reduce musculoskeletal pain

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15
Q

precautions of heat

A
  • can cause edema
  • closely monitor patients with scars or decreased sensation for signs of excessive heating
  • do not leave patients with unmanaged blood pressure, vertigo, seizure disorders should not be left unattended
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16
Q

contraindications for heat

A

excessive damage to blood vessels of the skin

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17
Q

how long is the total tx time for hot pack

A

15-20 min

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18
Q

when should the patient’s skin be checked when using hot pack

A

after 5 minutes of applying

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19
Q

when does the skin temperature peak during hot pack

A

8-10 min

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20
Q

how many layers of towel should be used between hot pack and skin

A

6-8 towel layers

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21
Q

what should the skin look like at 5 min check during hot pack

A

should feel warm but should not be red

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22
Q

how long do the effects of hot pack last after treatment

A

~5min

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23
Q

when is paraffin mostly used

A

to treat irregular skin surfaces such as fingers

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24
Q

how many times does the client dip into the paraffin

A

8-10

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25
Q

what should patient always do first before a treatment

A

wash hands

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26
Q

what temp should the paraffin be at

A

126 degrees

27
Q

how long is the paraffin treated limb kept wrapped in plastic bag and towel

A

10-15 min

28
Q

total time in fluidotherapy

A

10-20 min

29
Q

what is usually done while pt is in fluidotherapy

A

exercises

30
Q

contraindications for fluidotherapy

A

open wounds

excessive damage to blood vessels of skin

31
Q

contraindications for paraffin

A

open wounds

excessive damage to blood vessels of skin

32
Q

what is hydotherapy mainly used for

A

debridement and healing of skin wounds

33
Q

what should the temperature be for whirlpool

A

100-104 for heating

90-100 for open wounds

34
Q

recommended tx time for whirlpool

A

20 min

35
Q

what type of heat is infrared

A

conversion heat

36
Q

how deep does near infrared heat penetrate

A

5-10mm

37
Q

how deep does far infrared penetrate

A

2mm

38
Q

what is superficial cold used to treat

A

musculoskeletal pain
muscle guarding
spasticity
acute inflammation (swelling)

39
Q

physiological effects of superficial cold

A

causes vasoconstriction and reduces blood flow to area

40
Q

why does the skin turn white initially when cold is applied

A

vasoconstriction happens and blood is shunted away from skin

41
Q

why does skin eventually turn red after cold is applied for awhile (10-15 min)

A

vasodilation occurs to direct blood to the skin to prevent damage to the skin

42
Q

how does cold act upon peripheral nerves

A

decreases conduction velocity and synaptic activity
inhibits pain signals
dampens nerve activity relating to painful spasticity

43
Q

how does superficial cold act on soft tissue

A

increases viscosity
decreases elasticity
increased stiffness

44
Q

clinical effects of superficial cold

A

temporary relief from musculoskeletal pain
decrease edema
decrease muscle guarding and spasticity
promote active and passive mobility
decrease post exercise soreness and swelling

45
Q

precautions of cold

A

compromised neurovascular response to cold (monitor closely)

46
Q

how long is cold pack applied to patient

A

15 min

47
Q

how long is ice massage applied

A

5-10 min or until skin flushing and numbness occurs

48
Q

contraindications for cols

A 
extreme hypersensitivity to or allergy to cold
severe Reynauds
replantations
crush injuries
healing wounds
49
Q

what ratio of warm to cold water is recommended for contrast bath

A

3:1

typically start with warm and end with warm, but if edema is an issue, can end with cold

50
Q

how long should total tx be for contrast bath

A

10-15 min

51
Q

when to use contrast bath

A

edema

pain and stiffness

52
Q

contraindications for ultrasound

A 
pacemaker
malignancy
over growth centers
healing fx
early tendon healing
over metal or prosthetic implants
53
Q

phonophoresis

A

use of ultrasound to enhance delivery of topically applied drugs
-need doc order

54
Q

electrical therapy

A

use of electrical currents to stimulate membranes of nerves, muscles, and other soft tissue to restore fxn
used to promotes muscle activity and modulate pain

55
Q

current

A

flow of electrons (amps)

56
Q

voltage

A

electromotive force that drives the current (volts)

57
Q

Resistance

A

opposition to current flow (ohms)

58
Q

direct/Galvanic current

A

continuous flow of current and unchanging in amplitude

59
Q

interferential current

A

produced by combining 2 medium frequency alternating currents

60
Q

alternating current

A

uninterrupted current flow that is constantly changing polarity with equal number of negative and positive phases

61
Q

TENS

A

applying low voltage electrical pulses to nervous system for pain control

62
Q

iontophoresis

A

using electrical current in one direction to deliver anti-inflammatory medication

63
Q

medications administered via iontophoresis

A

dexamethasone

lidocaine

64
Q

precautions/contraindications for ionto

A

pregnancy
allergy to med
Type I diabetes will notice difference in blood glucose levels

Physical Dysfunction (11 decks)

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