Physical Activity, Health, And Chronic Disease PART 3 CH1 Flashcards
What is the metabolic syndrome also known as ?
Syndrome X, Insulin-Resistance Syndrome or prediabetes syndrome
What is the metabolic syndrome refers to a combination of CVD risk factors associated with what?
hypertension,
dyslipidemia,
insulin resistance, &
abdominal obesity.
What is obesity & overweight?
The World Health Organization says that its as having abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health
ranks as the 5th leading risk factor for death worldwide.
More than 2.1 billion people worldwide are classified as being overweight or obese (Smith and Smith, 2016).
Globally, more than 1 in 3 adults (≥ 18 yrs) is overweight, & more than 1 in every 10 adults is obese (WHO, 2016).
What adult obesity rates according to the organisation for economic co-operation and development?
highest in the United States (38.2%), Mexico (32.4%), New Zealand (30.7%), Hungary (30.0%), Australia (27.9%), United Kingdom (26.9%), and Canada (25.8%)
while they are lowest in Japan (3.7%) and Korea (5.8%).
What is the body mass index classification for somebody who’s underweight?
< 18.5 kg m-2
What is the body mass index classification for somebody who’s normal?
18.5 - 24.9 kg x m-2
What is the body mass index classification for somebody who’s overweight?
25.0 - 29.9 kg x m-2
What is the body mass index classification for somebody who’s obese class I?
30.0 - 34.9 kg x m-2
What is the body mass index classification for somebody who’s obese class II?
35.0 - 39.9 kg x m-2
What is the body mass index classification for somebody who’s obese class III?
Over 40.0 kg x m-2
What are the overall Canadian results for body mass index during 2016 and 2017?
Normal weight = 40%
Overweight = 34%
Obese = 27%
What is the relation between obesity and higher household education?
People who are more educated tend to be less obese than the ones with less education about life style and nutrition.
What are the risk of obesity?
Shorter life expectancy
Coronary heart disease
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertension
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Certain cancers
Osteoarthritis
What are the musculoskeletal diseases & disorders?
Osteoporosis
Osteoarthritis
Bone fractures
Connective tissue tears
Low back syndrome
What is osteoporosis?
Is a disease characterized by the loss of bone mineral content & bone mineral density due to factors such as:
Aging,
Amenorrhea,
Malnutrition,
Menopause, &
Physical inactivity.
What determines bone mineral density?
A bone density test (BMD)
Your BMD is compared to 2 norms: healthy young adults (T-score) and age-matched adults (Z-score).
First, your BMD result is compared with the BMD results from healthy 25- to 35-year-old adults of your same sex and ethnicity.
The standard deviation (SD) is the difference between your BMD and the BMD of healthy young (25- to 35-year-old) adults.
This SD value is called a T-score.
Positive T-scores indicate the bone is stronger than normal.
Negative T-scores indicate the bone is weaker than normal.
What the different osteoporosis fractures?
Vertebral fractures : most common
Wrist fractures
Hip fractures : most devastating
What are the factors that help counteract age-related bone loss?
Adequate calcium intake
Adequate vitamin D intake
Regular physical activity : weight-bearing endurance activities and resistance exercise
What is the leading cause of death worldwide?
Cancer, 10 millions deaths in 2020
In 2020, the most common cancers (new cases) were:
Breast cancer (2.26 million cases);
Lung cancer (2.21 million cases);
Colon and rectum cancer (1.93 million cases);
Prostate cancer (1.41 million cases);
Skin (non-melanoma) cancer (1.20 million cases); and
Stomach cancer (1.09 million cases).
In 2020, what were the most common causes of cancer death?
Lung cancer (1.80 million deaths);
Colon and rectum cancer (935 000 deaths);
Liver cancer (830 000 deaths);
Stomach cancer (769 000 deaths); and
Breast cancer (685 000 deaths).
How many Canadians should expect to receive a diagnosis of cancer in their lifetime?
Nearly half
The number of new cancer cases and cancer deaths has been increasing each year as the population grows and ages.
The costs of cancer care in Canada rose from $2.9 billion in 2005 to $7.5 billion in 2012.
The stats for cancer in 2023?
45% Canadians are expected to be diagnosed with cancer (239 100 projected new cases among Canadians in 2023)
45% Canadian males are expected to be diagnosed with cancer (124 200 projected new cases among Canadian males)
44% Canadian females are expected to be diagnosed with cancer (114 projected new cases among Canadian females in 2023)
What the most commonly diagnosed cancers in Canada 2023?
13.0% Lung and bronchus cancer
12.0% Breast cancer
11.0% Prostate cancer
10.0% Colorectal cancer
Cancer mortality in Canada?
22% Canadians are expected to die from cancer (86 700 projected new deaths among Canadians in 2023)
24% Canadian males are expected to die (46 500 projected new deaths)
21% Canadian females are expected to die (40 200 projected new deaths)
