Physical activity behaviour adoption and adherence.

Question 1

Why is exercise intensity important for exercise adherence?

Answer 1

Letting an individual choose their intensity is vital as a 10% in a person’s desired intensity leads to a decrease in mood and is therefore counterproductive.

Question 2

What are correlates of physical activities?

Answer 2

Relationships - positive or negatives - a correlation rather than a causation.

Question 3

What are determinants of physical activities?

Answer 3

Reflective causative effects - positive or negative - a causation rather than a correlation.

Question 4

What have correlates and determinants been used to do?

Answer 4

Researchers have used them to identify a host of important demographic, psychological, behavioural, social and environmental factors.

Question 5

Why is it so important to differentiate between determinants and correlates?

Answer 5

If we know a particular variable is a determinant we can fully focus on that variable whereas a correlate will not necessarily cause a behaviour change.

Question 6

Name 15 important factors when trying to get people to adhere to exercise.

Answer 6

time.
confidence.
motivation.
age.
gender.
accessibility.
stereotypes.
friends.
easier to sit at home.
language barriers.
money.
self esteem.
lack of role models.
discrimination.

Question 7

What are some demographic correlates?

Answer 7

Racial, gender, educational, income, health, age and occupation related disparity in physical activity - generally white, males, educated, higher income, younger, and “white collar” workers are more physically active - these are only correlates, causation is unknown.

Question 8

What is the only demographic determinant?

Answer 8

Bad health is the only thing we can say is a causative factor in people not doing exercise use, this is because of the overwhelming amount of evidence showing this causation.

Question 9

What are some psychological factors of exercise?

Question 10

What is meant by ‘special populations’?

Answer 10

There are some groups ins society who experience less exercise which pre-disposes them to physical and mental illness. Some special populations include ethnic minorities and those of low socioeconomic status.

Question 11

What are some issues for ethnic minorities when accessing exercise?

Answer 11

Racism - both direct and historical/structural.
Poor organisational set up.
Language barriers.
Cultural preferences e.g. the gym in Newcastle set up specifically for women due to the large Muslim population in Newcastle so women can exercise without worrying.

Question 12

What are some potential solutions to make exercise more accessible for ethnic minorities?

Answer 12

Community partnerships.
Ethnically representative staff.
Facilitating attendance.
Culturally effective setting.
Cultural adaptations of materials.

Question 13

What are some of the issues those with a low socioeconomic status experience when trying to access exercise?

Answer 13

Financial issues.
Transport issues.
Accessibility issues.

Question 14

What are some potential solutions to make exercise more accessible for those with low socioeconomic status?

Answer 14

Mass media promotion.
Word of mouth promotion.
Multilevel intervention approach.
Policy and environmental changes.

Question 15

What are some of the issues those physical disabilities experience when trying to access exercise?

Answer 15

Pain.
Fatigue.
Comorbidity.

Question 16

What are some potential solutions to make exercise more accessible for those with physical disabilities?

Answer 16

More flexible inclusions criteria for interventions.
Incorporate technology.
Involve community gatekeepers.
Regular contact.
Address psychosocial barriers.

Question 17

What did Dishman & Buckworth find in terms of the setting of physical activity interventions?

Answer 17

School based interventions were moderately effective.
Worksite, health care and home based interventions were the least effective.
Community based such as Park Run were most effective.

Question 18

What can the psychological strategies of increasing exercise adoption and adherence be broken down into?

Answer 18

Behavioural, reinforcement, cognitive-behavioural, decision-making, social support and intrinsic based approaches.

Question 19

What are some behavioural based approaches to increase exercise adoption and adherence?

Answer 19

Systematic application of learning principles other than modify behaviour.
Prompts which act as cues for the desired behaviour and/or decrease temptation for the maladaptive behaviour.
Contracts which et expectation and responsibilities.

Question 20

How effective are behavioural based approaches?

Answer 20

Very - 10-25% increase in physical activity frequency.