Physical activity Flashcards
What is sport psychology focused on?
The influence of psychological factors on sport behaviours
What is exercise psychology focused on?
The influences exercise and sport have on psychology
What are the 4S’s
Stamina, strength, suppleness, speed
What are the 4 C’s
Concentration, Confidence, Control, Commitment
How do exercise and physical activity differ?
Exercise is done to improve fitness
Physical activity might be done during work or incidental
What does physical fitness refer to
Physiological functioning and influences our ability to perform physical activity
What are the 5 components of health
-Mental
-Physical
-Emotional
-Social
-Spiritual
How does a cognitive function become better through exercise?
Become more focused and self confident
Always will have more energy
Emotions become more stable and less reactive
Social interactions can be much easier
What is isometric exercise (one of the five forms of exercise)
Involves contraction of a muscle group against an immoveable object without movement in the body
What is isotonic exercise (one of the five forms of exercise)
The form most associated with weightlifting or bodybuilding
What is isokinetic exercise? (one of the five forms of exercise?)
Putting tension on a muscle group through a complete range of motion at a controlled rate of speed
What is aerobic exercise? (one of the five forms of exercise?)
Increased consumption of oxygen over extended periods of time (no oxygen deficit)
What is anaerobic exercise? (one of the five forms of exercise?)
Less oxygen being taken up than is used (great oxygen deficit)
Why is self-efficacy one of the most widely cited psychological variables affecting sports
Not the skills one has but how well one can judge their use of their skills
Given that an individual has the required skills and appropriate incentives are in place self-efficacy will predict performance (4 minute mile example)
How is performance accomplishments apart of efficacy in sports? - Exam Question
These are based on actual experiences of mastery
How is a vicarious experience a part of efficacy in sports? - Exam Question
Gained through watching or visualizing others perform a skill. This can alert one to one’s own capabilities
How is verbal persuasion apart of efficacy in sports - Exam question?
Persusasion of ourselves or others that the capability exists for a desired outcome
How is emotional arousal apart of efficacy in sports? - Exam question
Individuals evaluate their capabilities based on their assessment of their psychological state
How can sport psychology skills be applied in our everyday lives?
Relaxation, goal-setting and imagery can regulate things like arousal, attentional control and stress management
How does relaxation help with coping with anxiety in sports psychology?
An essential skill with dealing with the pressure of athletic performance.
Improving one’s ability to reduce anxiety so energy can be used to enhance performance
A learned skills, needs to be applicable to the performance circumstances
What are four methods that greatly influence dealing with one’s anxiety?
- Progressive muscular relaxation
- Mental rehearsal
- Self-talk
- Breathing techniques
How can positive and negative self-talk influence our anxiety?
Positive self-talk is associated with successful performance.
Negative self-talk is associated with unsuccessful performances
Explain the self-talk technique of correcting a faulty technique? - exam question
Constantly talking about the proper technique
Explain the self-talk technique of focusing attention? - exam question
While performing a technique and talking about it to your self, if forces athletes to focus attention on it
Explain the self-talk technique of modifying activation? - exam question
Restructuring negative self talk to positive self-talk at the appropriate time
Explain the self-talk technique of increasing self-confidence. - exam question
By talking positively about what you are doing, you can influence the view you take of events. This helps you to change the events
Explain the self-talk technique of increasing efficacy - exam question
Talk can maximize your idea of what you can do with the skills you have
Explain the self-talk technique of maintaining exercise behaviour - exam question
Telling yourself that its ok to miss a day of exercise every once in a while gets rid of the all-or-none attitude on fitness. This can also get rid of the fear of failing
Explain external imagery and internal imagery
External imagery involves the imager as a third-person external observer of their actions
Internal imagery is an active experience where the individual imagines being inside their body experiencing the situation
What is symbolic learning?
An opportunity for athletes to “see” what success looks like
How can goal setting set higher levels of performance (3 ways)
- Difficult compared to easy goals
- Specific goals compared to general goals or no goals
- A combination of short-term and long-term goals
What are the two different goal perspectives and explain what they mean
Ego orientation - focused on success and failure with success coming at the expense of others
Task orientation - focused on competence felt with one own improved performance
What are outcome goals in goal setting?
Concerned specifically with the results or outcomes of events - this usually involves comparisons with others
What are performance goals in goal setting?
Outcomes that can be achieved independently of others performance (setting your own personal goals)
What are progress goals in goal setting?
Focused on specific processes during a performance (technique)
