Physical activity

Question 1

What is sport psychology focused on?

Answer 1

The influence of psychological factors on sport behaviours

Question 2

What is exercise psychology focused on?

Answer 2

The influences exercise and sport have on psychology

Question 3

What are the 4S’s

Answer 3

Stamina, strength, suppleness, speed

Question 4

What are the 4 C’s

Answer 4

Concentration, Confidence, Control, Commitment

Question 5

How do exercise and physical activity differ?

Answer 5

Exercise is done to improve fitness

Physical activity might be done during work or incidental

Question 6

What does physical fitness refer to

Answer 6

Physiological functioning and influences our ability to perform physical activity

Question 7

What are the 5 components of health

Answer 7

-Mental
-Physical
-Emotional
-Social
-Spiritual

Question 8

How does a cognitive function become better through exercise?

Answer 8

Become more focused and self confident

Always will have more energy

Emotions become more stable and less reactive

Social interactions can be much easier

Question 9

What is isometric exercise (one of the five forms of exercise)

Answer 9

Involves contraction of a muscle group against an immoveable object without movement in the body

Question 10

What is isotonic exercise (one of the five forms of exercise)

Answer 10

The form most associated with weightlifting or bodybuilding

Question 11

What is isokinetic exercise? (one of the five forms of exercise?)

Answer 11

Putting tension on a muscle group through a complete range of motion at a controlled rate of speed

Question 12

What is aerobic exercise? (one of the five forms of exercise?)

Answer 12

Increased consumption of oxygen over extended periods of time (no oxygen deficit)

Question 13

What is anaerobic exercise? (one of the five forms of exercise?)

Answer 13

Less oxygen being taken up than is used (great oxygen deficit)

Question 14

Why is self-efficacy one of the most widely cited psychological variables affecting sports

Answer 14

Not the skills one has but how well one can judge their use of their skills

Given that an individual has the required skills and appropriate incentives are in place self-efficacy will predict performance (4 minute mile example)

Question 15

How is performance accomplishments apart of efficacy in sports? - Exam Question

Answer 15

These are based on actual experiences of mastery

Question 16

How is a vicarious experience a part of efficacy in sports? - Exam Question

Answer 16

Gained through watching or visualizing others perform a skill. This can alert one to one’s own capabilities

Question 17

How is verbal persuasion apart of efficacy in sports - Exam question?

Answer 17

Persusasion of ourselves or others that the capability exists for a desired outcome

Question 18

How is emotional arousal apart of efficacy in sports? - Exam question

Answer 18

Individuals evaluate their capabilities based on their assessment of their psychological state

Question 19

How can sport psychology skills be applied in our everyday lives?

Answer 19

Relaxation, goal-setting and imagery can regulate things like arousal, attentional control and stress management

Question 20

How does relaxation help with coping with anxiety in sports psychology?

Answer 20

An essential skill with dealing with the pressure of athletic performance.

Improving one’s ability to reduce anxiety so energy can be used to enhance performance

A learned skills, needs to be applicable to the performance circumstances

Question 21

What are four methods that greatly influence dealing with one’s anxiety?

Answer 21

1. Progressive muscular relaxation
2. Mental rehearsal
3. Self-talk
4. Breathing techniques

Question 22

How can positive and negative self-talk influence our anxiety?

Answer 22

Positive self-talk is associated with successful performance.

Negative self-talk is associated with unsuccessful performances

Question 23

Explain the self-talk technique of correcting a faulty technique? - exam question

Answer 23

Constantly talking about the proper technique

Question 24

Explain the self-talk technique of focusing attention? - exam question

Answer 24

While performing a technique and talking about it to your self, if forces athletes to focus attention on it

Question 25

Explain the self-talk technique of modifying activation? - exam question

Answer 25

Restructuring negative self talk to positive self-talk at the appropriate time

Question 26

Explain the self-talk technique of increasing self-confidence. - exam question

Answer 26

By talking positively about what you are doing, you can influence the view you take of events. This helps you to change the events

Question 27

Explain the self-talk technique of increasing efficacy - exam question

Answer 27

Talk can maximize your idea of what you can do with the skills you have

Question 28

Explain the self-talk technique of maintaining exercise behaviour - exam question

Answer 28

Telling yourself that its ok to miss a day of exercise every once in a while gets rid of the all-or-none attitude on fitness. This can also get rid of the fear of failing

Question 29

Explain external imagery and internal imagery

Answer 29

External imagery involves the imager as a third-person external observer of their actions

Internal imagery is an active experience where the individual imagines being inside their body experiencing the situation

Question 30

What is symbolic learning?

Answer 30

An opportunity for athletes to “see” what success looks like

Question 31

How can goal setting set higher levels of performance (3 ways)

Answer 31

1. Difficult compared to easy goals
2. Specific goals compared to general goals or no goals
3. A combination of short-term and long-term goals

Question 32

What are the two different goal perspectives and explain what they mean

Answer 32

Ego orientation - focused on success and failure with success coming at the expense of others

Task orientation - focused on competence felt with one own improved performance

Question 33

What are outcome goals in goal setting?

Answer 33

Concerned specifically with the results or outcomes of events - this usually involves comparisons with others

Question 34

What are performance goals in goal setting?

Answer 34

Outcomes that can be achieved independently of others performance (setting your own personal goals)

Question 35

What are progress goals in goal setting?

Answer 35

Focused on specific processes during a performance (technique)