Health Compromising Behaviours Flashcards
How does smoking affect dopamine release
Smoking has the same effect (making us feel good) as dopamine, which tricks it into release more dopamine then necessary. It’s what brings us back to smoking again and again
How does smoking take away receptors?
Once we’ve been smoking for a long time, our natural levels of dopamine become not good enough to make you feel good. The body attempts to return to homeostasis by eliminating receptors, limiting the amount of dopamine which promotes even more smoking to get back to that good feeling
What can excessive amounts of alcohol do to your body?
Effect your liver, stomach, intestinal tract and immune system among other things
What are some health BENEFITS to light drinking
Men - lower risk of heart disease
Women - drinking 3-18 drinks a week have reduced risk of cardiovascular disease
Alcohol may promote the formation of High density lipoproteins (HDL)
Red wine is full of antioxidants - which takes away from oxidation
How does hertidity factors contribute to obsesity?
Genes contribute to the development of obesity and to substantial variance in BMI
How do hormones and the brain contribute to obesity?
Food intake and energy expenditure are not well understood
What is set-point theory?
Body pushes us to our natural target weight using leptin - body doesn’t want to change weight, tries to stay the same
How do social norms and values contribute to behaviours that promote obesity?
Stress can lead people to eat certain foods, and eat more or less than usual
People around us influence eating and activity habits (e.g wealth, parents)
What is the internality-externality hypothesis?
Weight linked to source of hunger and satiety cues (e.g external or internal)
What are two ways to prevent obesity through education
- Public health campaigns
- Health care professionals knowing how to treat obese people and facilitate change
What are some treatment factors for preventing obesity?
Dieting = most common but weight loss through is usually not maintained
Need permanent lifestyle change
What are some pharmacolgical treatments for obesity?
Used to decrease appetite and food consumption
Mostly ineffective, and has negative side effects (you shut down one signal, there’s still multiple others)
What are some behavioural treatments for obesity?
Mindful eating - eating when hungry, stop when your not hungry (NOT when full)
20-week programs with various strategies
What are some surgical treatments for obesity?
Radical method
Gastric bypass
What is the prevalence for eating disorders - exam question
The prevalence for eating disorders is between 1 and 20 percent.
In adolescents 95% are females
What is bulimia nervosa? - exam question
It involves binge eating followed by “purging” or vomiting
Also could involve laxative use
This disorder can lead to anemia, inflammation of the GL tract, heart arrhythmias and erosion of the dental enamel
What is anorexia nervosa? - exam question
Characterized by lack of eating and extreme weight loss
Fear of gaining weight and may exercise excessively
Most find their weight loss as rewarding
The behaviour is maintained by conditioning to the cues that provided the rewards
What are some facts that relate to twin studies and social pressure that influence eating disorders
Twin studies have shown that there may be a gentic component to this behaviour - when one twin suffers from this, the other one usually does aswell
Social pressure to be thin and look youthful
Hypothalamic (hypothalamus) abnormalities have been noted in anorexics (feeding and thermoregulatory (makes you cold) center)
What are some psychological factors to developing eating disorders?
-Issues of control
-Low self-esteem
-Sensitivity to others feelings
-Perfectionism
-Maturity fears
-Distorted body image
How does lack of control tend to become a contributing factor to developing a eating disorder?
Person may have lack of control in their lives in other areas
Often from families that do not encourage autonomy and are over demanding
Food intake is controllable
Explain how targeting the distorted eating behaviour for treatment for eating disorders
Psychophysiofuntion eating
Uses a graph to show person where their eating is vs normal eating behaviour. They track the persons eating and encourage them to match with the normal eating curve
Explain how targeting the hypothermia helps to treat a eating disorder?
Cranks up the heat within a room the person is in, making them unable to exercise
Explain how targeting the physical hyperactivity helps to treat a eating disorder?
The person is unable to exercise, and is taught ways to eat properly
Explain how targeting the social consequences helps to treat an eating disorder?
Gets the person to view themselves objectively
“I look fat” - subjective lense
“I weigh 115 pounds” - objective lense
How do you treat bulimic individuals? - exam question
Eating and throwing up is not a normal behaviour, and the person usually knows what they’re doing isn’t normal
Easier to treat out of the two
How do you treat anorixa nervosa? - exam question
Not as easily treated out of the two
Hiding behind “not being hungry”
