PHYSICAL

Question 1

What does the strength of an ionic lattice depend on?

Answer 1

the charge of ions and the size of ions

Question 2

Enthalpy of formation is the opposite of

Answer 2

enthalpy of separation

Question 3

What is the enthalpy of atomisation?

Answer 3

The enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous atoms are formed from an element in its standard state.

Question 4

What is the enthalpy change of separation

Answer 4

The enthalpy change of separation is the enthalpy change when one mole of an ionic compound is separated into its constituent elements in their standard state

Question 5

What is the enthalpy change of separation

Answer 5

The enthalpy change of separation is the enthalpy change when one mole of an ionic compound is separated into its constituent elements in their standard state

Question 6

Enthalpy of atomisation and bond dissociation can be related when?

Answer 6

gaseous AND covalently bonded in its standards state

Question 7

What is the standard state of bromine?

Answer 7

liquid

Question 8

What is the standard state of iodine?

Answer 8

solid

Question 9

What is the difference between 1st and 2nd etc electron affinities?

Answer 9

The 1st IE is exothermic subsequent ionisation energies are endothermic

Question 10

How do you work out born haber cycles?

Answer 10

Take notice of the amount of moles of each element in the compound
(3 arrows up, 3 down, down arrows are the first arrow on the left and the arrows on the right MOSTLY)
Add atomisations
add ionisation energies of metal
add electron affinities of the gas
ADD the formation enthaly (multiply by minus on to make it positive)
Multiply answer by minus one

Question 11

Which moel suggest that all acids and bases are soluble in water?

Answer 11

arrhenius

Question 12

Which model suggests that a substance can be an acid in one reaction and a base in another?

Answer 12

bronsted lowry

Question 13

Which model suggest that every substance can be classified as an acid or a base?

Answer 13

bronsted lowry

Question 14

What is a bronsted lowry base?

Answer 14

A proton acceptor

Question 15

What is an Arrhenius acid?

Answer 15

a substance that dissolves in water to produce protons

Question 16

Whats the difference between a conjuagte acid and a conjugate base?

Answer 16

the conjugate acid has an extra proton

Question 17

Why is the enthalpy of hydration always exothermic

Answer 17

ion dipole forces are made whilst there are no bonds between gaseous molecules

Question 18

What does hydration enthalpy depend on?

Answer 18

size of ion
magnitude of charge

Question 19

How does a hydration thermochemical diagram look?

Answer 19

3 arrows down one up for sol. Ions at the top, solids at the bottom

Question 20

Higher Kc = higher amount of?

Answer 20

products at equillibrium

Question 21

Which reactions are feasible?

Answer 21

reactions which increase the entropy of the universe where entropy of the universe is entropy of surr + entropy of system

Question 22

The equation for gibbs free energy is

Answer 22

\Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S

Question 23

How is molecular entropy measured?

Answer 23

Enthalpy of products - reactants

Question 24

How do you go from a hydrated salt to a anhydrous salt?

Answer 24

vigorous heating

Question 25

Why cant an anhydrous salt be converted into a hydrated salt in one step?

Answer 25

an exact amount of water hsa to be added and there is no guarantee taht it will be distrubuted evenly

Question 26

How can you test for sulfate ions?

Answer 26

Us barium chloride and a white precipitate will for, as barium sulfate is almost insoluble

Question 27

What is the only way that F and Cl react with sulfuric acid?

Answer 27

Acid base reaction Misty fumes

Question 28

How is does sulfurs oxidation number change when it reacts with bromine?

Answer 28

from +6 in H2SO4 to +4 in SO2

Question 29

Solid sulfur is a ?

Answer 29

Yellow solid

Question 30

Which gas smells like rooted eggs?

Answer 30

H2S

Question 31

How can I test for different halides ?

Answer 31

Dissolve the halide in water to form an aqueous solution Add drops of Silvernitrate
AgF dissolves AgCl white AgBr Cream AgI pale yellow

Question 32

Why do u add dilute nitric acid when testing for halides?

Answer 32

To remove impurities such as carbonate ions and hydroxide ions which also for, white precipitates

Question 33

How can I differentiate between AgCl AgBr and AgI

Answer 33

Add dilute ammonia AgCl dissolves then add conc Ammonia AgBr will dissolve AgI will is insoluble in any concentration of ammonia