physical Flashcards
Mount St. Helens is an active stratovolcano located in
usa
Japan’s Mount Fuji type of volcano
strato
Consider the following statements regarding Sargasso Sea.
1. The Sargasso Sea is located entirely within the Pacific Ocean.
2. It is bounded by four ocean currents forming an ocean gyre.
3. It is the only sea without a land boundary.
The Sargasso Sea, located entirely within the Atlantic Ocean, is the only sea without a land boundary. It is
bounded by four ocean currents forming an ocean gyre.
It is distinguished from other parts of the Atlantic Ocean by its characteristic brown Sargassum seaweed and
often calm blue water.
The sea is bounded on the west by the Gulf Stream, on the north by the North Atlantic Current, on the east by
the Canary Current, and on the south by the North Atlantic Equatorial Current, the four together forming a
clockwise-circulating system of ocean currents termed the North Atlantic Gyre.
Longest lake in the world
Tanganyika
Deepest lake and largest by volume
Baikal siberia
Lake largest by area
Lake Superior of North America
Altai mountains
Mongolia
Zagros mountain
Iran
Taurus mountain
Turkey
Pyrenees mountain range
France , spain
Geological time scale
Eon, era, period, epoch
Tallest mountain in antartica
Vinson
Countries with most volcanoes
Us , Russia, indonesia
Fuego volcano
Guatemala
Mount Etna volcano
Sicily
Shiveluch volcano
Russia
most powerful earthquake ever recorded
Valdiva earth quake 1960 in South America
Earths lowest elevation on land
Dead Sea
Jordan and israel
Worlds highest commercially navigable lake
Lake titicaca
Peru and bolivia
Aral sea countries
Kazhakistan and uzbekistan
Shallow focus earthquake are more violent and affect a large area than deep earthquakes
False. They are violent but affect smaller area
Humus content is low in humid tropical and equatorial regions while relatively higher in colder climates
True
humid tropical and equatorial climates, bacterial growth and action is intense and dead vegetation is rapidly oxidised leavingvery low humus content in the soil
What is podzolisation
process of soil formation especially in humid regions involving principally leaching of the upper layers with accumulation of material in lower layers and development of characteristic horizons.
Asthenosphere is the source of mantle plume
False
Core- mantle boundary is the source of mantle plume
Consider the following statements regarding Mekong River.
1. Mekong River rises in the Tibetan Plateau and flows into South China Sea.
2. The capital of Laos and Cambodia are situated on the banks of the Mekong River.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution: d)
The Mekong begins on the Tibetan Plateau and runs for more than 2,600 miles through China, Myanmar,
Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam before emptying into the South China Sea.
The capital of Laos, and the capital of Cambodia both stand on its banks.
Energy deficit region
Beyond 40 degree north and South. Energy deficit region. Slant sunlight and high albedo
Pampero and zonda
Pampero- cold wind of South America
Zonda- hot local wind of andes
Gregale
Cold wind of Mediterranean
Chinook
Warm wind of rockies
Thunderstorm cloud
Cumulonimbus
Cloud associated with long duration rainfall of tropical cyclone
Nimbostratus
This was a lifeline for the Uru (tribal people). It was once the second-largest lake in Bolivia; it has
disappeared now. The main cause is the excessive use for irrigation and a changing climate poses a
threat to its ability to recover.
Lake Poopo
highest waterfall in india river
Kunchikal Falls, located on the Shimoga -Udupi border in Karnataka, is formed by the River Varahi. The
waterfall has a height of 455 meters which ranks 116th in height in the world and is India’s highest
waterfall. S
The Coriolis force is determined by the mass of the object and the object’s rate of rotation
true
The horse latitudes are roughly between the equator and the tropic of cancer
false
The horse latitudes are about 30 degrees north and south of the equator. It is common in this region
of the subtropics for winds to diverge and either flow toward the poles (known as the prevailing westerlies)
or toward the equator (known as the trade winds). So, Statement 1 is not correct.
Pyrosphere
Semi solid lower mantle ➕ outer liquid core
What is maloca
malocais an ancestrallong houseused by indigenous people of theAmazon, notably in Colombia and Brazil.
What is chemosphere
Region of atmosphere where photochemical reactions take place
Startosphere + mesosphere+ some part of thermosohere
Driest place on earth
discovered the driest location on Earth in the Atacama Desert in Chile. The site discovered is called as Maria Elena South (MES).
Only planet other than earth that has polar ice caps
Mars
Planum boreum - northern cap
Planum australe- southern
What do u mean by insular shelf
continental shelf is a portion of a continent that is submerged under an area of relatively shallow water, known as a shelf sea. Much of these shelves were exposed by drops in sea level during glacial periods.The shelf surrounding an islandis known as an insular shelf.
All components in earths atmosphere owe their existence to ——-
Volcanic eruption that unlock them from earths interior
Constituent elements of mantle
Osm
Periodite and dunite rocks
Inner core rotates slightly slower relative to rotation of surface
False
Slightly faster
What is heliosphere
The heliosphere is the magnetosphere, astrosphere, and outermost atmospheric layer of the Sun
What is plasmasphere
plasmasphere, or inner magnetosphere, is a region of the Earth’s magnetosphere consisting of low-energy plasma. It is located above the ionosphere
Which planet has the largest and thickest magnetic field
Jupiter
Rwenzori mountain
Congo
Which type of volcanic eruption has massive coloum of gas plume (2-45 km in atmosphere)? Give example
Plinian
mt vesuvius
Mt helena
Mt tambora ( indonesia)
Example of recent supervolcano( magma > 1000 m3
26000 years ago TAUPO VOLCANO NZ
Pegmatitic ignoeus rocks
Coarse grained igneous rocks with large clasts of gemstones
Arun River in Nepal, a tributary of the Kosi- drainage pattern
Barbed drainage pattern -This pattern develops when the main river is captured and changes its flow direction, while the tributaries continue to point in the previous flow direction.
River In Africa which crosses Tropic of Capricorn twice
Lake Limpopo
South Africa
Lake Ladoga
Russian second largest ( after baikal ) . Located in Europe
Erratics
Glaciers can pick up chunks of rocks and transport them over long distances. When they drop these rocks, they are often far from their origin—the outcrop or bedrock from which they were plucked. These rocks are known as glacial erratics
) With reference to Seagrass, consider the following statements:
1. Seagrass is a form of algae that has evolved to live in the sea near the coast.
2. Seagrasses have a true root system and produce blooms, fruits, and seeds.
3. Dugongs rely on seagrass beds for sustenance.
Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?
2,3 is correct
Seagrasses are found in shallow salty and brackish waters in many parts of the world, from the tropics
to the Arctic Circle. Algae, or “seaweeds,” differ from seagrasses in several ways. Algae on the seafloor
have a holdfast and transport nutrients through the body by diffusion, while seagrasses are flowering
vascular plants with roots and an internal transport system
) Consider the following statements with respect to Himalayan ranges:
1. The eastern Himalayas rises gradually from the plains of West Bengal and Assam.
2. The western part of the Himalayas rises almost abruptly from the plains.
its the reverse
The Western part of the Himalayas rises gradually from the plains. As it rises gradually, the higher peaks
in this part are farther from the plains, and a number of ranges lie between the plains and the high peak.
The high peaks of the Western Himalayas such as Nanga Parbat, Nanda Devi, and Badrinath, are very
far from the plains.
) Consider the following statements with respect to Himalayan ranges:
1. The eastern Himalayas rises gradually from the plains of West Bengal and Assam.
2. The western part of the Himalayas rises almost abruptly from the plains.
its the reverse
The Western part of the Himalayas rises gradually from the plains. As it rises gradually, the higher peaks
in this part are farther from the plains, and a number of ranges lie between the plains and the high peak.
The high peaks of the Western Himalayas such as Nanga Parbat, Nanda Devi, and Badrinath, are very
far from the plains.
) The lower Gangetic plain is characterized by a humid climate with high temperatures throughout the
year. Which of the following crops is most suitable for this region?
1. Paddy
2. Jute
3. Wheat
4. Mustard
5. Potato
Select the correct answer using the code given below
all.
The State of West Bengal, which falls under the zone, is the leading producer of paddy and the second
largest producer of potatoes (30% of the total potato production of the country). Rice is the most
important Kharif crop, which presently accounts for 77% of the total rice area and 68% of the total area
under food grains in the State.
In addition, wheat, pulses, mustard, groundnut, jute, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables and flowers are
cultivated. The main cropping systems are paddy–paddy, paddy–jute, paddy–mustard, paddy–potato,
and paddy–wheat. The overall cropping intensity of the zone is 162%
In which of the following regions of India are shale gas resources found?
1. Cambay Basin
2. Cauvery basin
3. Krishna-Godavari Basin
4. Assam-Arakan
5. Damodar
all
Squall is the difference between wind speeds at different heights
false
A squall is a sudden and rapid wind speed increase by at least 3 stages on the Beaufort scale and lasting
up to at least one minute.
Wind shear is a sudden violent gust of wind or localized storm
false
Wind shear is a difference in wind speed and
direction over a set distance in the atmosphere. Wind shear is measured both horizontally and
vertically
sand and dust storms play a role in the spread of a disease known as meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa and valley fever transmission in the southwest of USA.
true
Some infectious diseases can be transmitted by dust. Meningococcal meningitis, a bacterial infection of
the thin tissue layer that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, can result in brain damage and, if
untreated, death in 50% of cases. Outbreaks occur worldwide, yet the highest incidence is found in the
“meningitis belt,” a part of sub-Saharan Africa with an estimated population of 300 million. These
outbreaks have a strong seasonal pattern – many studies have linked environmental conditions, such
as low humidity and dusty conditions, to the time and place of infections
Southern alps
New Zealand
Lake Winnipeg
Canada
Longest river of europe? Where does it drain into
Volga
Origin - valdai hills, Moscow
Caspian sea
The altitudinal variations of the Himalayas are greater in the eastern half than those in the western half
The altitudinal variations are greater in the eastern half than those in the western half. Additionally, the eastern Himalayas see higher precipitation levels, which can erode and alter the mountains, causing even more altitude fluctuations
With reference to National Jute Board (NJB), consider the following statements :
1. It is the statutory body attached to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry
2. It procures raw jute at Minimum Support Price from farmers whenever the market price of raw jute falls below a certain level
Neither 1 nor 2
Ministry of Textiles
Whenever the market price of raw jute falls below a certain level, the Jute Corporation of India (JCI) procures raw jute at a Minimum Support Price (MSP), fixed on the basis of recommendation of the
Commission for Agricultural Cost and Prices (CACP) from jute growers to safeguard their interest
The black color of regur soil is due to the presence of
The color of the soil is generally black due to the presence of compounds of aluminum and iron
Which of the following is/are the uses of steel slag?
1. Road metal and bases
2. Landfills
3. Concrete aggregate
4. Acidic water treatment
5. Barrier material remedy
Steel slag has been used successfully to treat acidic water discharges from abandoned mines
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
The advanced Dvorak technique is associated with
Tropical cyclone
cloudburst criteria set by the IMD.
unexpected precipitation exceeding 100mm (or 10 cm) per hour over a geographical of approximately 20 to 30 square km is a cloudburst.
azores high in news
extremely large ‘Azores High’ (a subtropical weather phenomenon) has resulted in abnormally dry conditions across the western Mediterranean, including the Iberian Peninsula, primarily occupied by Spain and Portugal.
molecular hydrogen (h2) green greenhouse effect
Hydrogen (H2) is similar to carbon monoxide in that it acts as an indirect greenhouse gas through its effect on hydroxyl (OH) radicals. By reducing the levels of OH in the atmosphere, hydrogen increases the lifetime of some direct greenhouse gases, such as methane.
monazite is found in which kind of rocks
It forms during the crystallization of igneous rocks and during the metamorphism of clastic sedimentary rocks. When these rocks weather, Monazite is one of the more resistant minerals and becomes concentrated in weathering debris
What are the advantages of a System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
1. Reduction in the nursery area
2. Decreased tillering
3. Less incidence of pests and diseases
4. Increased grain yield
5. Reduced chemicals fertilizer
6. Seed and water saving
1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 only
Increased tillering- 30 tillers per plant are fairly easy to achieve
Less Lodging- SRI provides a good growth environment for rice plants that put forth stronger tillers and extensive root growth and are more resistant to lodging
Consider the following statements about coral reefs
1. Corals permanently attach themselves to the ocean floor, essentially “taking root,” as most plants do.
2. Corals comprise an ancient and unique partnership called symbiosis that benefits animal and plant life in the ocean.
3. The diversity of reef corals decreases in higher latitudes up to about 30° north and south, beyond which reef corals are usually not found.
4. Generally, there are about twice as many coral species in Atlantic Ocean reefs as in Pacific Ocean reefs.
1, 2 and 3 only
With reference to the Single use plastics SUP, consider the following statement s
1. India is the first country to ban the single use plastics, which has adverse effects on both terrestrial and Aquatic ecosystems.
2. India piloted a resolution on Single use plastics at the 4th U.N. Environmental assembly in 2019
Bangladesh became the first country to ban thin plastic bags in 2002; New Zealand banned plastic bags in July 2019. China
issued a ban on plastic bags in 2020 with a phased implementation.
El Niño tends to develop during December-April, while La Niña develops during March- June
El Niño typically lasts 9-12 months while La Niñ
a typically lasts 1-3 years.
They both tend to develop during March June, reaching peak intensity during December-April, and then weakening during May-July
Consider the following :
1. Varying lengths of Day and Night
2. Occurrence of aphelion and perihelion
3. Formation of four different seasons
Which among the above is/are the result of the tilted earth axis?
1 and 3 only
Earth’s tilted axis causes the seasons. Throughout the year, different parts of Earth receive the Sun’s most direct rays. So, when the North Pole tilts toward the Sun, it’s summer in the Northern Hemisphere. And when the South Pole tilts toward the Sun, it’s winter in the Northern Hemisphere
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is defined by
difference in sea surface temperature between two areas
(or poles, hence a dipole) – a western pole in the Arabian Sea (western Indian Ocean) and an eastern pole in the eastern Indian Ocean south of Indonesia
Consider the following statements :
1. Eastern coastal areas of temperate lands receive heavy precipitation compared to the western coastal areas
2. The western margin of tropical land receives scanty rainfall compared to its eastern margin
) 2 only
thermokarst lake”?
It is the lake created in the depression formed as a result of permafrost thawed region
The Big Trail Lake in Fairbanks, Alaska, is a ‘thermokarst lake.’ An ecosystem that is rapidly expanding with the onset of climate change. Thermokarst lakes are net greenhouse gas sources as
century-old carbon deposits become bioavailable and are mineralized to CO2 and CH4
Lapies are associated with which landform?
(a) Running water
(b) Glacier
(c) Limestone topography
(d) Desert
Lapies, also known as Karren or solution flutes, are commonly associated with limestone or other soluble
rock formations. They are distinctive surface features that form on the rock where water has dissolved the surface through chemical weathering processes such as carbonation and solution. The resulting solution grooves and ridges create a unique landscape characteristic of karst topography
Vasyugan Swamp
The Great Vasyugan Mire, the largest swamp system in the planet’s northern hemisphere, is located in the central sector of the West Siberian plain, a geographical phenomenon due to the extremely wide spreading of swamps.
Vale do Javari
e western section of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. It is named after the Javari
River, which forms the country’s border with Peru.
All natural earthquakes take place in the lithosphere.
true
The Kiel Canal is the world’s busiest artificial waterway navigable by seagoing ships. The canal
directly connects the North Sea ports with the ports of the Baltic Sea region. It is located in
Germany
Temperature inversion is more predominant during summer season
False
Winter season
Jet stream in south more forceful
False
More forceful in north due to greater temperature gradient
Q.2) Plants have adapted themselves to survive
in an extreme environment. In this reference,
how have the polar region plants generally
adapted themselves to live in their habitats?
1. Long roots
2. Hairs on stems
3. Waxy leaves
4. Shorter heights
5. Grow in clumps
) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
we can only see one side of the moon all the time because
because the time taken by the Moon to complete its rotation on its own axis (27.3 days) and time taken by the moon to complete its revolution around earth (27.3 days) is almost equal.
sankh and south koel joins to form
: Brahmani River
It is the longest river of Ukraine and Belarus and the fourth-longest river in Europe, after the Volga, Danube, and Ural
rivers. It forms international boundary between Belarus and Ukraine.
e Dnieper is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea
volga river flows into
caspian sea
Danube is the second-longest river in Europe. it forms the boundary between
Romania and Bulgaria
OMT isotherm is found at a depth of
50-100 m from the ocean surface
