climate Flashcards
Consider the following statements.
1. Wet-bulb temperature combines heat and humidity to indicate how much evaporation can be
absorbed into the air.
2. The wet bulb temperature is usually higher than the dry bulb temperature.
3. At wet-bulb temperatures above 35 degrees Celsius, it becomes difficult to reduce body temperature
via sweating.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) 1, 2, 3
Solution: b)
The wet bulb temperature is usually lower than the dry bulb temperature, and the difference between the two
increases dramatically as the air becomes dry.
The most worrying weather measurement is not the heat typically reported in forecasts but the wet-bulb
temperature, which combines heat and humidity to indicate how much evaporation can be absorbed into the
air. At wet-bulb temperatures above 35 degrees Celsius, we become unable to reduce our temperature via
sweating and will suffer potentially fatal heatstroke after only a few hours, even with shade and water.
. The productivity of the Oceans increases when the carbon emission from the atmosphere are sunk by
it.
The IPCC’s special report on
Oceans and Cryosphere (published in 2019) reveals that the ocean is 0.8 degrees warmer than the preindustrial age. It is more acidic, and less productive because of the carbon emission that was sunk by the
oceans.
Which of the following events are most likely to happen when there is delay in the onset of monsoon over
Kerala?
1. The delay in the onset on monsoon leads to a poor monsoon or decrease in the amount of rainfall over
the Indian Subcontinent.
2. Delayed onset over Kerala invariably mean delay in the arrival of the monsoon over the entire country.
Select the correct answer code:
The onset of the monsoon over Kerala marks the beginning of the four-month, June-September southwest
monsoon season over India, which brings more than 70 per cent of the country’s annual rainfall. The onset of the
monsoon is a significant day in India’s economic calendar.
Is it unusual for the monsoon to hit the Kerala coast early?
Neither early nor late onset of the monsoon is unusual, even though the forecast for this year is for earlier than
would be usually expected.
Does an early onset foretell a good monsoon?
No, it does not — just as a delay does not foretell a poor monsoon. The onset is just an event that happens
during the progress of the monsoon over the Indian subcontinent.
A delay of a few days, or perhaps the monsoon arriving a few days early, has no bearing on the quality or amount
of rainfall, or its regional distribution across the country, during the four-month monsoon season.
And does a delayed onset mean cascading delays across the country?
A delay in onset over Kerala can potentially delay the arrival of the monsoon in other parts of the country,
especially in the southern states, which normally start getting rain within days of the monsoon reaching the
Kerala coast.
But again, a delayed onset over Kerala does not automatically or invariably mean delays in the arrival of the
monsoon over the entire country.
The abrupt rise in the mean daily rainfall of the Indian monsoon is attributed to the westerly jet
stream.
The easterly jet streams occur along the 15-degree N latitude when the western jet streams withdraw
themselves from the region. They are high-velocity winds in the lower troposphere. The formation of a
tropical easterly jet stream causes the reversal of upper air circulation patterns [High-pressure switches
to low pressure], leading to the quick onset of monsoons. The Easterly jet stream is responsible for
India’s abrupt burst of monsoon. So, Statement 2 is not correct.
Gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane and ozone Contributes to less than 1% of atmosphere
Earth’s atmosphere comprises about 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, 0.9 percent argon, and 0.1
percent other gases. Trace amounts of carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and neon are some of the
other gases that make up the remaining 0.1 percent. So, these gases are in a negligible quantity of the
atmosphere. So, Statement 1 is correct.
high temperture and abundant rainfall leads to homogenous vegetation throughout the year in equitorial region
false
many trees and plants will grow
malle, mulga, spinifex
scrublands of australia
Interval between 2 tides is
12 hrs and 25 min
Upper limit to demarcate brackish water
24.7 ppt
Both North Sea and baltic sea lies in the high lattitude. Yet why there is a difference in salinity
The North Sea records higher salinity due tomore saline water brought by the North Atlantic Drift despite its location in higher latitudes. Due to the influx of river waters in the large amount, the Baltic Sea records low salinity.
Highest salinity water bodies of the world
Lake van, dead Sea, great salt sea of utah
Where can u find submarine canyons in ocean
Continental slope
A major portion of the ocean floor is between 3-6 km below the sea level.
true
which of the following is correct wrt ocean temperature range
1. The average diurnal or daily range of temperature is barely 1 degree in oceans and seas.
2. The highest temperature in surface water is attained at 2 p.m. and the lowest, at 5 a.m.
3. The diurnal range of temperature is highest in oceans if the sky is free of clouds and the atmosphere is calm.
all are true
This oceanic drift is the world’s largest and strongest ocean current, spanning the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, and it is also the only circumpolar current due to the lack of landmasses in its route.
West wind drift is a cold southern hemisphere ocean current that runs west to east, generally between 40 and 60 degrees south latitude.
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (West Wind Drift) was formed 34 million years ago and flows from West to east around Antarctica.
Because it encircles Antarctica, this ocean current is also known as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.
Which of the following concepts is the “Ekman Spiral” linked to ?
(a) Thermohaline circulation
(b) Movement of the jet stream
(c) Coriolis effect
(d) Cloud formation
The Ekman spiral, named after Swedish scientist Vagn Walfrid Ekman (1874-1954), who first theorized it
in 1902, is a consequence of the Coriolis effect. When surface water molecules move by the force of the
wind, they, in turn, drag deeper layers of water molecules below them.
➢ Like surface water, the deeper water is deflected by the Coriolis effect—to the right in the Northern
Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. As a result, each successively deeper layer
of water moves more slowly to the right or left, creating a spiral effect.
“Graveyard of the
Atlantic.”
The Labrador Current and Gulf Stream usually meet right around the Cape Hatteras area. The
clash between the cold and warm waters creates very rough waters. Many boat/shipwrecks happen
where the two currents meet. This is one reason that area is known as the “Graveyard of the
Atlantic.
second largest ocean current in the world
The Kuroshio Current is the second largest ocean current in the world
