Phys sci test 3 terms

Question 1

what is all matter made of?

Answer 1

molecules

Question 2

what kinds of kinetic energy can molecules have?

Answer 2

vibrational, rotational, translational kinetic energy

Question 3

the temperature is directly related to what?

Answer 3

the average kinetic energy

Question 4

joules is the measure of what?

Answer 4

work or energy

Question 5

calories is a unit of what?

Answer 5

heat

Question 6

specific heat=

Answer 6

amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree celcius

Question 7

Conduction

Answer 7

transfer of increased kinetic energy from molecule to molecule

Question 8

insulators

Answer 8

poor conductors of heat

Question 9

convection

Answer 9

transfer of heat by displacement of large groups of molecules with higher kinetic energy

Question 10

formula for changing fahrenheit to celcius

Answer 10

F=9/5C +32

Question 11

formula for temperature change (quantity of heat)

Answer 11

Q=mcΔT

Question 12

formula for phase change (heat absorbed or released)

Answer 12

Q=mL

Question 13

heat of vaporization

Answer 13

during a phase change from liquid to gas (or back)

Question 14

latent heat of fusion

Answer 14

during a phase change from solid to liquid (or back)

Question 15

thermodynamics

Answer 15

the study of heat and its relationship to mechanical energy

Question 16

entropy

Answer 16

measure of disorder

Question 17

heat death

Answer 17

maximum amount of entropy

Question 18

two models for matter

Answer 18

1) continuous: infinitely divisible 2) discontinuous: made of particles called atoms

Question 19

atomic theory

Answer 19

matter composed of hard indivisible atoms: could be joined together or dissociated by a chemical change

Question 20

who: protons have positive charge and neutrons have no charge

Answer 20

Rutherford

Question 21

atomic number is number of ________

Answer 21

protons

Question 22

an atom is an isotope if it has different numbers of __________

Answer 22

neutrons

Question 23

to what are all isotopes compared?

Answer 23

carbon-12 (12 atomic mass units)

Question 24

atomic weight

Answer 24

mass of isotopes according to their abundance

Question 25

isotopes are identified by what?

Answer 25

mass number

Question 26

periodic table: rows

Answer 26

periods

Question 27

Periodic table: columns

Answer 27

groups/families

Question 28

chemical energy

Answer 28

change of internal potential energy during a chemical reaction

Question 29

chemical equations: parts

Answer 29

reactants-> products

Question 30

valence electrons

Answer 30

the electrons in the outermost orbital

Question 31

octet rule

Answer 31

atoms tend to lose or obtain electrons to maintain 8 electrons in their outershell

Question 32

bond: transfer of electrons

Answer 32

ionic bonding

Question 33

bond: sharing of electrons

Answer 33

covalent bonding

Question 34

max size of bonds in covalent

Answer 34

triple bond