Phys sci test 3 terms Flashcards
what is all matter made of?
molecules
what kinds of kinetic energy can molecules have?
vibrational, rotational, translational kinetic energy
the temperature is directly related to what?
the average kinetic energy
joules is the measure of what?
work or energy
calories is a unit of what?
heat
specific heat=
amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree celcius
Conduction
transfer of increased kinetic energy from molecule to molecule
insulators
poor conductors of heat
convection
transfer of heat by displacement of large groups of molecules with higher kinetic energy
formula for changing fahrenheit to celcius
F=9/5C +32
formula for temperature change (quantity of heat)
Q=mcΔT
formula for phase change (heat absorbed or released)
Q=mL
heat of vaporization
during a phase change from liquid to gas (or back)
latent heat of fusion
during a phase change from solid to liquid (or back)
thermodynamics
the study of heat and its relationship to mechanical energy
entropy
measure of disorder
heat death
maximum amount of entropy
two models for matter
1) continuous: infinitely divisible 2) discontinuous: made of particles called atoms
atomic theory
matter composed of hard indivisible atoms: could be joined together or dissociated by a chemical change
who: protons have positive charge and neutrons have no charge
Rutherford
atomic number is number of ________
protons
an atom is an isotope if it has different numbers of __________
neutrons
to what are all isotopes compared?
carbon-12 (12 atomic mass units)
atomic weight
mass of isotopes according to their abundance
isotopes are identified by what?
mass number
periodic table: rows
periods
Periodic table: columns
groups/families
chemical energy
change of internal potential energy during a chemical reaction
chemical equations: parts
reactants-> products
valence electrons
the electrons in the outermost orbital
octet rule
atoms tend to lose or obtain electrons to maintain 8 electrons in their outershell
bond: transfer of electrons
ionic bonding
bond: sharing of electrons
covalent bonding
max size of bonds in covalent
triple bond
