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phys promos Flashcards

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1
Q

progressive wave

A

transports energy from one point to another in the direction of wave propagation

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2
Q

newtons 1st law

A

a body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless a resultant external force acts on it (inertia)

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3
Q

newtons 3rd law

A

if body a exerts a force on body b, body b will exert an equal and opposite force on body a (action reaction pair, must be different bodies, do not cancel, same type)

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4
Q

mass

A

intrinsic property of a body which resists change in motion

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5
Q

weight

A

force experienced by a mass in a gravitational field

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6
Q

conditions for equilibrium

A
  1. resultant force on body is zero
  2. resultant torque on body about any axis is zero
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7
Q

momentum

A

product of mass and velocity

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8
Q

newtons 2nd law

A

rate of change of momentum is proportional to the resultant force acting on it and occurs in the direction of the force

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9
Q

impulse

A

product of force acting on object and time for which force acts

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10
Q

principle of conservation of momentum

A

when bodies in a system interact, the total momentum of the system remains constant, provided no net external force acts on it

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11
Q

completely inelastic collsion

A

bodies stick together after collision, final velocity same, total momentum conserved, total ke not conserved

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12
Q

principle of flotation

A

object floating in equilibrium, upthrust is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the weight of object/weight of fluid displaced

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13
Q

principle of moments

A

for body in rotational equilibrium, sum of clockwise moments about any axis is the same as the sum of anticlockwise moments about the same axis

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14
Q

couple

A

pair of equal and opposite forces whose line of action do not coincide

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15
Q

centre of gravity

A

point at which the whole weight of the body appears to act

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16
Q

angular displacement

A

angle the object makes with respect to a reference line

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17
Q

angular velocity

A

rate of change of angular displacement with respect to time

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18
Q

period

A

time taken for one complete oscillation

19
Q

frequency

A

number of complete oscillations per unit time

20
Q

object moving in uniform circular motion must experience a force

A

according to newtons first law, object will continue to move at its constant speed in the same direction unless there is a net force acting on it. hence must have a force acting on the object to constantly change its direction of motion

21
Q

why acceleration directed towards centre

A

object is moving at constant speed, no component of force (acceleration) in the direction of motion of object, otherwise will increase or decrease the speed of the object. thus direction of force has to be perpendicular to direction of motion

22
Q

simple harmonic motion

A

motion of a particle about a fixed point such that its acceleration is proportional to its displacement from the fixed point and is always directed towards the point

23
Q

angular frequency

A

rate of change of phase angle of oscillation and us equal to the product of 2 pi and its frequency

24
Q

damping

A

energy is removed from an oscillating system

25
Q

resonance

A

system responds at maximum amplitude to an external driving force. occurs when frequency of the driving force is equal to the natural frequency of the driving system

26
Q

transverse waves

A

particles oscillate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

27
Q

longitudinal waves

A

particles oscillate in a direction parallel to the direction of energy transfer

28
Q

polarisation

A

oscillations of the wave particles in transverse waves are restricted to one direction only and this direction is perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

29
Q

malus law

A

intensity of beam of plane polarised light after passing through a plane polariser varies with the square of the cosine of the angle through which the polariser is rotated that gives maximum intensity

30
Q

principle of superposition

A

two or more waves of same kind meet at a point in space, resultant displacement at that point is equal to the vector sum of displacement of the individual waves at that point

31
Q

stationary wave

A

result of the superposition of the 2 progressive waves of the same type, freq, amplitude and speed, travelling along the same line but in opposite directions

32
Q

antinode and node

A

antinode point where amplitude is max
node point where amplitude is zero

33
Q

diffraction

A

bending of waves after passing through an aperture or round an obstacle

34
Q

coherent

A

constant phase difference and same frequency

35
Q

interference

A

superposition of 2 or more waves to give a resultant wave whose resultant amplitude is given by the principle of superposition

36
Q

constructive and destructive

A

2 coherent waves arrive at same point with phase difference of zero to produce a maximum
2 coherent waves arrive at the same point with phase difference of pi rad to produce a minimum

37
Q

newtons law of gravitation

A

2 point masses attract each other with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

38
Q

gravitational field

A

region of space in which a mass placed in that region experiences a gravitational force

39
Q

gravitational field strength

A

gravitational field strength at a point in space is the gravitational force experienced per unit mass at a point

40
Q

gravitational potential energy

A

work done by external force in bringing a mass from infinity to that point

41
Q

gravitational potential

A

work done per unit mass by an external force to bring a small test mass from infinity to that point

42
Q

why gravitational potential negative

A

gravitational force is attractive in nature. to bring a small test mass from infinity to a point, work done by external force is opposite to the direction of displacement of the mass. negative work done by external force thus negative

43
Q

escape velocity

A

minimum speed for the object to just escape from the gravitational influence of a massive body

44
Q
A

chem (6 decks)

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