Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physiology > phys exam 2 > Flashcards

phys exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

detect change in chemical composition
found in skin?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors (aka Mechanoreceptors)

A

respond to touch and pressure
found in skin?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nociceptors

A

respond to potentially harmful stimuli such as pain
found in skin?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Proprioceptors

A

relay information about muscle length and tension
found in muscle, tendons, and joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

detect sensation of warmth and cold
found in skin?
think THERMOrectpors = THERMOstat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Photoreceptors

A

rods & cones in retina that respond to light
found in eye (rods & cones)
thinks PHOTO –> flashing of lights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Four types of Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors

A
  1. Meissener Corpuscles
  2. Merkel cells
  3. Ruffini Corpuscles
  4. Pacinian Corpuscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Meissener Corpuscle

A
  • epidermis of glabrous
  • responds to slow vibrations

reminds me of MESSI like soccer…its the opposite of messi…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Merkel Cells

A
  • epidermis of galbrous
  • responds to pressure and touch

reminds me of steve urkel… idk hes the type to be touchy and huggy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ruffini Corpuscles

A
  • deep (dermis)
  • responds to stretch & fluttering vibration

rounds like italian noodle like long STRETCHYy noodle FLUTTERING around like a spaghetti LOL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle

A
  • deep (dermis)
  • largest mechanoreceptor
  • responds to fast vibration & deep pressure

PACman… don’t want to get too DEEP (just remember vibration) into the game and want to go FAST enough to win

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Four types of nociceptors

A
  1. Mechanical nociceptors
  2. Thermal nociceptors
  3. Chemically sensitive nociceptors
  4. Polymodal nociceptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mechanical nociceptors

A

respond to strong pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Thermal nociceptors

A

activated by extreme temperatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chemically sensitive nociceptors

A

respond to chemicals such as bradykinin, histamine, high acidity, and environmental irritants
sense chemical fluctuations in body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Polymodal nociceptors

A

respond to combination of all stimuli

17
Q

Cold receptors

A

sense cold temps that are not harmful for body (innocuous cold)

18
Q

Warm receptors

A

send heat/hot temps that are not harmful for body (innocuous heat)

19
Q

How is the definition of pain different from nociception?

A

Pain is subjective/emotional while nociception is perceived in a structure.

20
Q

Pain

A
  • “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described int terms or such damage”
  • not pleasant, emotional response, pain = subjective
21
Q

Nociception

A
  • not conscious, harmful stimulus
  • structure change in body
22
Q

First pain

A
  • aka fast pain
  • rapid response (rapid bc comes FIRST)
  • mediates discriminative aspect of pain or the ability to localize site and intensity of noxious stimulus
23
Q

Second pain

A
  • aka slow pain
  • second pain is the response of activation of C fibers and glutamate. (C fibers + glutamate = second pain)
  • dull, intense, diffuse, and unpleasant feeling associated with noxious stimulus
24
Q

Pruritus (itch)

A
  • related to pain sensation
  • severe itching can be difficult to treat in diseases like kidney disease, forms of liver disease, atopic dermatitis, and HIV infections.
25
Q

Acute pain (physiologic)

A
  • aka “good pain”
  • typically has sudden onset and reduced during healing process
  • body letting you know something is wrong
  • physiological response in body, specific description of injury
26
Q

Chronic pain (pathologic)

A
  • aka “bad pain”
  • last longer after recovery from injury and is often refractory to common analgesic agents (NSAIDS)
  • same pain as acute but its staying longer.. overtime
  • less pain but persistent
27
Q

Hyperalgesia

A
  • exaggerated response to a noxious (unpleasant) stimulus
28
Q

Allodynia

A
  • sensation of pain in response to a normally innocuous (not harmful) stimulus
29
Q

Deep/somatic pain

A
  • muskloskeletal
30
Q

Visceral pain

A
  • vague, can’t pinpoint
31
Q

Referred pain

A

referred pain from internal organ

ex: MI –> in the heart but pain can be in left part of face or left arm/shoulder

32
Q

Dorsal Column/Medial Lemniscal Pathway

A
  • touch, vibratory sense, and proprioception
  • want to be careful with patients, don’t use passage gun.. sensitive to touch ask before use or do not use
33
Q

Ventrolateral spinothalamic pathway

A
  • pain & temperature
  • be careful with heat/ice, etc bc they may not be able to feel
34
Q

Brown Sequard Syndrome

A
  • lesion on spinal cord
  • weakness on one side of body and total loss of sensation on opposite side
35
Q

What neural pathways are impaired in Brown Sequard Syndrome?

A

ipsilateral upper motor neuron

36
Q

Why would one with Brown Sequard Syndrome have burning sensation on contralateral side of injury?
What neuropathway is involved leading to this?

A

ventra lateral spinothalamic

37
Q

Which neuropathway is injured that leads to ipsilateral impairments?

A

Dorsal

38
Q

Which of the following S&S could be present in individuals with hypokalemia?

A. Cardiac arrhythmia
B. Depression
C. Muscle pain
D. Nausea

A

B. depression

39
Q

A patient describes his pain as being “deep.” Which of the following structures could be involved?

A. Ligaments & organs
B. Muscles & ligaments
C. Muscles & organs
D. Tendons & organs

A

B. Muscles & Ligaments

physiology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions