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Cardio > Phys > Flashcards

Phys Flashcards

1
Q

Mediators of vasodilation

A

ACh, bradykinin, substance P, serotonin, shear forces,

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2
Q

Mediators of vasoconstriction

A

5HT1, NA, Histamine, ATII

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3
Q

Cardiac AP conduction speed

Fastest&raquo_space; slowest

A

Park At Venture Avenue

Purkinje > Atrial muscle > Ventricular M > AV node

2.2 > 1.1 > 0.3 > 0.05 m/sec

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4
Q

N cardiac P

Aorta:
PA:
RA:
LA:
RV:
LV:
A 
Aorta: 120/80
PA: 25/10
RA: <5
LA: <10
RV: 25/5
LA: 120/10
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5
Q

Carotid sinus reflex

A

Afferent: from carotid sinus to medullary center via Hering N, br CN IX

Efferent: PANS from CN X

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6
Q

Aortic arch baroreceptors

A

Afferent: CN X

Efferent: CN X

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7
Q

Flow through a BV

A

Q= P1 - P2 / R

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8
Q

Resistance

Poiseuille’s eqn

A

R = ñ L/ r4

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9
Q

Relation of resistance n radius

A

R inversely proportional to r4

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10
Q

Myocard O2 demand mediated by?

A

Adenosine & NO

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11
Q

Coronary vasodilation mediators

A

ACh,

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12
Q

Coronary vasoconstrictors

A

NE, AT II, 5HT1

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13
Q

Most deoxyg blood in the body

A

Coronary sinus

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14
Q

Region most prone to ischemia

A

Sub endocardium

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15
Q

Holosystolic murmurs

A

TR, MR, VSD

Affected during inspiration

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16
Q

Carvallo sign

A

Murmur inc in intensity during insp

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17
Q

Murmurs dec in intensity during insp

A

MR, VSD,

18
Q

Murmur inc in intensity during insp

A

TR, PS

19
Q

MOA of NaNitroprusside

A

Balanced vasodilation of veins and arteries, w/o change in SV.

Dec Preload & afterload

20
Q

+ inotropes

A

Digoxin

21
Q

Na Nitroprusside vs Nitrates MOA

A

NaN generates NO in bloodstream » balanced vasodilator effect on both arteries & veins

Nitrates act on Vascular smooth muscle

22
Q

Na Nitroprusside vs Nitrates MOA

A

NaN generates NO in bloodstream » balanced vasodilator effect on both arteries & veins

Nitrates act on Vascular smooth muscle

23
Q

AV shunt changes on PV loop

A

Inc PL > inc SV

Dec SVR > dec AL

24
Q

What determines the duration of QRS

A

BB conduction

25
Q

SV

A

EDV - ESV

~ 70mL

26
Q

EF

A

SV / EDV

~ 50%

27
Q

Maneuvers dec PL

A
  1. Valsalva strain
  2. Nitroglycerin adm
  3. Abrupt standing
  • dec LVV : inc MVP n HCM murmur
28
Q

Maneuvers inc PL?

A
  1. Passive leg raise
  • dec MCP n HCM murmur
    d/t inc LVV
29
Q

Maneuvers inc AL?

A

Handgrip

  • dec HCM murmur
30
Q

Maneuvers inc both PL n AL?

A

Squatting

  • dec MVP n HCM murmur
31
Q

Murmurs inc VR to right heart

A

Inspiration

Inc R heart murmur

32
Q

Hemodynamic changes in hypo n hyper-volemic states

A

Hypovolemia: dec BP — dec stretch — dec afferent — inc SANS firing — vasoconstriction — inc HR, BP, contractility

Hypervolemia: inc BP — inc stretch — inc PANS — vasodilation (mediated by: ACh, subs P, 5HT, Bradykinin) — dec HR, BP, contractility

33
Q

Inc AL, inc contractility, inc SV seen w?

A

+inotrope: Digoxin

34
Q

Dec SV, dec PL seen w?

A

Venodilators: Nitrates

35
Q

Inc PL, inc AL, dec SV seen w?

A

Vasoconstriction: Phenylephrine

36
Q

Dec AL, dec PL seen w?

A

Acute HF d/t HTN

37
Q

AL

A

P against which the heart must pump to force blood into systemic circulation

38
Q

PL

A

Load/ P on a muscle in relaxed state, before it contracts

- stretch inc PL

39
Q

Arterial baroreceptor response

A
  • walls of aortic arch + carotid sinus
  • N : PANS
  • stimulus: inc volume/ arterial distention
  • dec BP : dec PANS - inc SANS
  • inc BP : inc PANS - dec SANS
  • inhibit ADH!
40
Q

Which metabolites govern auto regulation of perfusion of heart?

A
  1. CO2
  2. NO
  3. Adenosine
  4. Dec O2
  • vasodilators
41
Q

S2 split

A

Physiologic: Insp A2 P2

Pathologic:

  1. wide d/t delayed P (PS, PHTN, ASD, RBBB) or early A2 (VSD)
  2. delayed A2 9AS, HTN, LBBB, HCM)
  3. Paradoxical split P2 before A2

Cardio (8 decks)

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