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SAT Biology > Phylums > Flashcards

Phylums Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the various body zones of Mollusks?

A

3 body zones; Head-Foot Zone (sensory/motor organs), Visceral Mass Zone (digestion/excretion/reproduction organs), Mantle Zone (special tissue surrounding visceral mass that secretes the shell)

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2
Q

What is a characteristic of Nematodes? Give an example

A

Many are parasitic; Trinchinella causes trichinosis

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3
Q

What is the radula and where is it found?

A

Found in Mollusks; movable tooth-bearing structure that acts like the tongue

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4
Q

What is the circulatory system of Annelids like?

A

Closed circulatory system, heart = 5 pairs of aortic arches, blood contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen

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5
Q

What is an example of an animal that belongs to Cnidaria phylum?

A

Hydra (polyp) + Jellyfish (medusa)

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6
Q

What is a notochord and where is it found?

A

Found in Chordates; a rod that extends the length of the body and serves as a flexible axis

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7
Q

What is the symmetry of Mollusks?

A

Bilateral symmetry

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8
Q

What is a characteristic of cells of organisms in Porifera phyla?

A

Specialized cells that don’t form any true tissues or organs; each cell carries out multiple functions

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9
Q

How many phyla are there and what are they?

A

9; Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematodes, Annelid, Mollusks, Arthropod, Echinoderm, Chordata

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10
Q

Where does cephalization (development of head/anterior end) start?

A

Platyhelminthes

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11
Q

Describe the body structure of Chordates?

A

Have a dorsal, hollow nerve cord and a tail that aids in movement and balance (coccyx bone in humans)

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12
Q

What are the special cells in Cnidaria phyla, what do they contain, and which organisms have them?

A

All members of Cnidaria phylum have cnidocytes = stinging cells; contain nematocysts = stingers

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13
Q

What is the symmetry and movement pattern of Echinoderms?

A

Bilateral symmetry as an embryo - revert to primitive radial symmetry as an adult; sessile or slow-moving

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14
Q

What is the significance of the water vascular system and where is it found?

A

Found in Echinoderms; creates hydrostatic support for the tube feet, which are the locomotive structures

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15
Q

What is the structure that most animals in the Mollusk phylum have?

A

Gills and nephridia

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16
Q

How do Cnidarians digest nutrients?

A

Have a gastrovascular cavity where extracellular digestion occurs; carry out intracellular digestion in lysosomes in cells

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17
Q

How many cell layers do Platyhelminthes have?

A

Three layers: ectoderm + endoderm + mesoderm

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18
Q

What is the symmetry of Platyhelminthes?

A

Bilateral symmetry

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19
Q

Describe the circulatory system of Mollusks?

A

Open circulatory system with blood-filled spaces called hemocoels/sinuses

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20
Q

What phylum does C.elegans belong to and how is it used?

A

Belongs to Nematodes; used as an animal model in studying genes and embryonic development

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21
Q

How do Echinoderms reproduce?

A

Sexually with external fertilization; Asexually by fragmentation and regeneration

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22
Q

What are the characteristics of Arthropods?

A

Have jointed appendages, segmented nto head/thorax/abdomen, more sensory apparatus than annelids (allowing more speed and freedom of movement)

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23
Q

What are Annelids?

A

Segmented worms with little sensory apparatus

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24
Q

What do Annelids use to excrete what?

A

Use nephridia for excretion of nitrogenous waste - urea

25
Q

What is an example of an animal that belongs in the Chordata phylum?

A

Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

26
Q

What is the temperature characteristic of Chordates?

A

Birds and mammals are homeotherms, while all others (with the exception of some reptiles) are ectotherms

27
Q

What is the symmetry of Annelids?

A

Bilateral symmetry

28
Q

What is the body plan and system organization of Platyhelminthes?

A

Solid body with no room for true digestive + respiratory systems

29
Q

What are the body plans and movement patterns of Cnidarians?

A

Polyps (vase-shaped) are sessile; Medusas (upside-down bowl-shaped) are mostly motile

30
Q

How do Porifera animals digest nutrients?

A

Filter nutrients from water drawn into a central cavity

31
Q

What is the symmetry and movement pattern of Porifera?

A

No symmetry; Sessile

32
Q

What is an example of an animal that belongs to the Platyhelminthes phylum?

A

Flatworms + Tapeworms

33
Q

What does the digestive tract anatomy of Annelids?

A

Tube-within-a-tube consisting of crip, gizzard, and intestine

34
Q

What is the body structure of Mollusks?

A

Soft body often protected by a hard, calcium-containing shell

35
Q

How many cell layers do animals in Porifera phyla have?

A

Two layers: ectoderm + endoderm connected by mesoglea

36
Q

How do Platyhelminthes digest nutrients?

A

Have a digestive cavity that only has one opening for ingestion and egestion; food can’t be processed continuously

37
Q

What is the symmetry of Nematodes?

A

Bilateral symmetry

38
Q

How do Annelids reproduce?

A

Sexually, are hermaphrodites

39
Q

What is an example of an animal that belongs to the Mollusks phylum?

A

Squids, Octopuses, Slugs, Clams, and Snails

40
Q

Describe the circulatory system of Arthropods?

A

Open circulatory system, tubular heart, hemocoels

41
Q

Describe the respiratory system of Arthropods?

A

Trachea brings air from the environment into hemocoels where gas exchange occurs

42
Q

What is a characteristic of cells of flatworms?

A

Their body is so flat and thin that their cells can exchange nutrients and wastes by diffusion with the environment

43
Q

Describe the body structure of Arthropods?

A

Have an exoskeleton made of chitin that protects the animal and aids in movement

44
Q

What is the symmetry of Cnidarians?

A

Radial symmetry

45
Q

What is an example of an animal that belongs to the Arthropods phylum?

A

Grasshopper, Shrimp, Crab, Spider

46
Q

How does gas exchange occur in Annelids?

A

Diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs through moist skin

47
Q

What is a characteristic of cells of organisms in Cnidaria phyla?

A

Each cell is in direct contact with the environment; no transport system in Cnidaria

48
Q

What is an example of an animal that belongs in the Echinoderms phylum?

A

Starfish and Sea Urchins

49
Q

What is an example of an animal that belongs in Nematodes phylum?

A

Trichinella + C.elegans

50
Q

How do Porifera phyla reproduce?

A

Asexually by fragmentation; sexually (are hermaphrodites)

51
Q

What is an example of an animal that belongs to Annelids phylum?

A

Earthworm + Leeches

52
Q

What do Arthropods use to excrete what?

A

Use malpighian tubules to excrete nitrogenous waste = uric acid

53
Q

What is the life cycle of Cnidarians?

A

Some go through a planula larva (free-swimming) phase then go through either asexually reproducing (polyp) or sexually reproducing (medusa)

54
Q

In which phylum do starfish belong to and what is their body plan?

A

Echinoderms; Have an endoskeleton consisting of calcium plates

55
Q

How many cell layers do animals in Cnidaria phyla have?

A

Two layers: ectoderm + endoderm connected by mesoglea

56
Q

From where did Porifera phyla evolve?

A

Colonial organisms

57
Q

What is an example of an animal that belongs to Porifera phylum?

A

Sponges

58
Q

What are Nematodes?

A

Unsegmented worms with little sensory apparatus

SAT Biology (2 decks)

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