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SAT Biology > Biomes > Flashcards

Biomes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a biome?

A

large regions of Earth whose distribution depends on the amount of rainfall and temperature in the area

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2
Q

How many biomes are there and what are they?

A

7; Marine, Tropical Rainforest, Desert, Temperate Grassland, Temperate Deciduous Forest, Conifer Forest/Taiga, Tundra

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3
Q

What is the largest biome?

A

Marine; 3/4 of Earth

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4
Q

What is the most stable biome and why?

A

Marine; high specific heat of water

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5
Q

Which biome provides most of Earth’s food and oxygen?

A

Marine

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6
Q

How is the marine biome subdivided?

A

amount of sunlight received, distance from shore and water depth, open water vs ocean bottom

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7
Q

Which oceans are nutrient-poor?

A

Open oceans

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8
Q

Where is the tropical rainforest biome found?

A

near the equator

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of a tropical rainforest?

A

abundant rainfall, stable temperatures, high humidity, 20% of Earth’s net carbon fixation

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10
Q

Which biome has the greatest plant and animal species diversity?

A

Tropical Rainforest

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of trees in tropical rainforests?

A

very tall with interlacing tops to form a dense canopy that keeps the floor dimly lit and away from heavy rain

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12
Q

What are the trees in tropical rainforests covered with?

A

Epiphytes = photosynthetic plants that grow on other trees and may kill them (however not parasitic)

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13
Q

Which biome receives <10 inches of rainfall per year?

A

Desert

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14
Q

Which biome has the most extreme temperature fluctuations?

A

Desert; boiling during day and freezing during the night

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15
Q

When are animals most active in the desert?

A

Night/Early Morning/Late Afternoon when the heat is not so intense, burrow underground or hide in shade to remain cool

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of cacti?

A

have shallow roots to capture as much water as possible, drought-resistant, expand to hold extra water, have spines to protect against animals

17
Q

What are the characteristic plants of a desert?

A

Cacti, sagebrush, creosote bush, and mesquite

18
Q

What are the characteristic animals of a desert?

A

Rodents, kangaroo rats, snakes, lizards, arachnids, insects, and a few birds

19
Q

What does the temperate grasslands biome cover?

A

Huge areas in both temperate and tropical regions of the world

20
Q

What are the characteristics of a temperate grassland?

A

low annual rainfall, uneven seasonal occurence of rainfall

21
Q

What are the characteristic animals of a temperate grassland?

A

Bison/Pronghorn Antelope (US), wildbeest/gazelle (Africa), prarie dogs, rodents

22
Q

Where is the temperate deciduous forest biome found?

A

Northeast of North America, south of taiga

23
Q

What are the characteristics of the temperate deciduous forest?

A

trees drop their leaves in winter, vertical stratification of plants and animals, rich soil

24
Q

What species does a temperate deciduous forest have more than taiga?

A

plant species

25
Q

What are the characteristic mammals of temperate deciduous forests?

A

squirrels, deer, foxes, bears

26
Q

Where is the taiga biome found?

A

Northern Canada, much of the world’s northern regions

27
Q

Which biome is the largest terrestrial biome?

A

Taiga

28
Q

Which biome has an abundance of rainfall with very cold winters?

A

Taiga

29
Q

What are the characteristics of the taiga?

A

Dominated by conifer forests (spruce, fir), dotted with lakes/ponds/bogs

30
Q

What is a special characteristic of trees in the taiga and why?

A

Trees have branches directed downward to prevent the heavy accumulation of snow since taiga has heavy snowfall

31
Q

Taiga has a greater variety in which species than which biome?

A

Animal species; Tundra

32
Q

What are the characteristic animals of taiga?

A

moose, black bear, lynx, elk, wolverines, martens, porcupines

33
Q

Which animals are prevalent in the summer in the taiga?

A

Flying insects and birds

34
Q

Where is the tundra biome found?

A

Northern parts of North America, Europe, and Asia

35
Q

What is permafrost and where is it found?

A

Found in the tundra; permanently frozen subsoil

36
Q

What are the characteristics of the tundra?

A

frozen desert, very little rainfall, rolling treeless plains, many lakes/ponds/bogs in depresions

37
Q

What are the characteristic animals of the tundra?

A

Insects (flies), reindeer, caribou, arctic wolves, arctic foxes, arctic hares, lemmings, and polar bears

38
Q

Important Tundra Fact:

A

of individual organisms is high, # of species is low

SAT Biology (2 decks)

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