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Invertebrate Biology > Phylum Platyhelminthes > Flashcards

Phylum Platyhelminthes Flashcards

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1
Q

General facts

A 
Bilateral symmetry
Protostome
Spiral cleavage
Determined cells 
Triploblastic
Cephalization 
Protonephridia
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2
Q

Cl. Turbellaria

A

Mostly free living, few parasitic
Most marine
Nerve cords/cerebral ganglia-more centralized

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3
Q

Turbellaria Cephalization

A

Photoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Rheoreceptors

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4
Q

Turbellaria Movement

A

Cilia and muscle
Looping: releaser and adhesive glands
Rhabdite: secrete mucus to glide

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5
Q

Turbellaria Feeding

A

GVC

One opening for food and waste to filter through

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6
Q

Turbellaria Digestion

A

Rhabdocoels
Tricladida: extends pharynx further
Polycladida: multiple lobes and farthest extension

Acoel flatworms: no body cavity

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7
Q

Turbellaria Reproduction

A

Asexual: Transverse fission

Sexual: hypodermic impregnation; penis sparring

Hermaphroditism

Muller’s larva

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8
Q

Invasive species

Bipalium kewense

A 
Hammerhead
From Asia via potted plants
Feed on earth worms
Tetrodotoxin
Capping cover sensory structure
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9
Q

Cl. Monogenea

A

Ectoparasites on fish gills

Ophishaptor: attachment

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10
Q

Cl. Tremetoda

A

Parasite: Neodermata
Two groups: digenea trematodes and aspidogastrean trematodes
Usually found in digestive systems/livers

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11
Q

Parasite Issues

A 
Need reproduce in definitive host
Get eggs out of host
New host
Get in new host
Locate correct environment 
Stay 
Anaerobic environment 
Avoid being digested
Avoid killing host
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12
Q

Parasitic body wall

A

Thicker outer layer for protection called TEGUMENT

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13
Q

Digenean Anatomy

A 
Branches GVC
- blind ended
- not specialized
Oral sucker
Maybe not digestive system
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14
Q

Digenean Asexual Reproduction

A

Egg to miracidium (leaves def. host for intermediate host) amplified germ balls to sporocysts amplified to redia or daughter sporocysts (produce two cercaria) then amplified to cercaria (form lots). Cercaria find definitive host or form a metacercaria if can’t find host (cyst loses tail until right conditions come). Then adult.

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15
Q

Larva Stages

A
  1. Miracidium
  2. Sporocyst
  3. Redia
  4. Cercaria
  5. Metacercaria
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16
Q

Fasciola hepatica

A 
Liver fluke
Sheep definitive host
Leave and hatch in water 
Bore into snail (intermediate host)
Sporocyst amplified to redia
Become cercaria and leave to find sheep by latching onto water veg. to be eaten by sheep
17
Q

Chinese liver fluke

A

Human is definitive host
Released in water as feces
Hatch and find snail as intermediate host
Cercariae break out of snail body and attach to fish gills to move into muscle
Infect humans that consume raw fish

18
Q

Schistosomes

A

Human is definitive host
Snail is intermediate host
Human release feces in water, find snail, release cercariae, become adults and adults burrow in skin of humans and migrate to intestine
Skip redia stage

19
Q

Cl. Cestoda: SubCl Cestodaria

A 
Tapeworms
Endoparasites: fish and turtles
No scolex 
No segments 
Hermaphroditic: one testis and one ovaries
Muscular proboscis for attach
Attachment organs at top and bottom
20
Q

Cestoda: SubCl. Eucestoda

A

Anterior scolex
Repeating units: proglottids
True tapeworms

21
Q

Cestoda: Scolex

A 
Anterior end, ring of hooks
Hold fast
Buries into intestine wall
Rosetella
Myzorhynchus
22
Q

Rosetella

A

Area at top with hooks

Anterior end

23
Q

Myzorhynchus

A

Projection ending forward

Adhesive pads or suckers to hold intestine

24
Q

Bothria: scolex

A

Long longitudinal pair of grooves with weak muscular contraction to pinch and hold onto tissue

25
Q

Bothridia: scolex

A

4 leaf-like structures off side paired with myzorhynchus to attach

26
Q

Acetabula: scolex

A

4 suckers around perimeter of scolex to attach to lining and a rosetellum

27
Q

Cestoda Scolex: cerebral ganglia

A

Ganglia creates a ring
Nerve cords run length of creature
Needed to attach

28
Q

Cestoda Body Wall

A

Theories: constantly replace integument, block digestive enzymes with other enzymes, alter pH to deactivate attacking enzymes

Collection of fuses cells to create barrier

29
Q

Cestoda digestion

A

No system because live in one

Absorb nutrients from host

30
Q

Cestoda: proglottids-what’s inside?

A

Excretory canals
Protonephridia
Bladder sac to collect or dump sac and leave hole to excrete
No movement
Master at Reproduction (every proglottid can reproduce)

31
Q

Cestoda: Reproduction

A

Immature proglottids don’t have reproduction organs

Mature do reproduce

Simultaneous hermaphrodites

Proglottids come together and mate (1-2 at time)
Break off and leave host to find new host

32
Q

Cestoda: Mature proglottids

A

Male: sperm duct, seminal vesicles, cirrus sac, genital atrium

Female: ovary, ootype, seminal receptacle, vagina

Genital atrium is opening to leave; where fertilized

33
Q

Cestoda: life cycle

A 
Oncosphere: hexacanth larva
to be eaten by cow 
Inverted scolex hatches 
Human eats undercooked beef
Tapeworm attaches to intestine
34
Q

Tapeworm health problems

A

Anemia
Lack nutrients
Used to be used to diet
Can be huge

Invertebrate Biology (7 decks)

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