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Invertebrate Biology > Coral Reefs > Flashcards

Coral Reefs Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Bioherm

A

Massive structures produced by biological activity

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2
Q

What is a coral?

A 
2500 species
Solitary or colonial
Reef builders and not
No medusa stage 
Subdivided GVC
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3
Q

Coral phylogeny

A

Phy Cnidaria
Subphy Anthozoa
SubCl Hexacorallia
Or Scleractina

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4
Q

Coral anatomy

A

Tentacles, oral disk, mouth, septa = mesenteries

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5
Q

Coral anatomy: corallum

A

The whole structure of coral

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6
Q

Coral anatomy: Coralite

A

Places for individual polyps to be

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7
Q

Coral anatomy: Theca

A

Cup for polyp to sit in

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8
Q

Basal plate

A

Where is set and secrete calcium carbonate

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9
Q

Columella

A

Supports on the side

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10
Q

Dr. Coal: calcium carbonate

A

Calcium carbonate closely mirrors what is seen and bones. Can be chemically treated to become hydroxyapatite. Can be used in eye transplants to allow movement from blood vessel attachment.

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11
Q

Oasis in the desert

A

Reefs typically found in tropics. Open ocean has low amounts of carbon

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12
Q

Zooxanthellae

A

Single – celled photosynthetic organisms with symbiotic relationship with coral. Live in the tissue and are critical for reef building.

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13
Q

Zooxanthellae relationships

A

Symbiodinium

Mutualism

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14
Q

Benefits to Zooxanthellae

A

Predator avoidance. Excreted nutrients. CO2 production. Access to light.

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15
Q

Benefits to coral

A

Removal of dissolved excretory products. Provide oxygen.
Provide carbohydrates.
Aid in lipid synthesis.
Enhance coral calcification

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16
Q

Calcium equation

A

Zooxanthellae enable corals to form calcium carbonate skeletons by rapid removal of CO2

17
Q

Coral Types

A

Massive
Branching
Flat, Table

18
Q

Reef Profile

A

The shallower parts of the reef offer different habitats according to the amount of wave energy and light they receive. Reefs of flat areas to capture light and food. Barriers block waves to keep see any beaches.

19
Q

Fore Reef Structures: Spurs and Grooves

A

Protect land on back side of groove.

Corals broken up to allow for water diversion so not to break coral.

20
Q

Spurs

A

Living coral

21
Q

Grooves

A

Mostly sand

22
Q

Location of reefs

A

Found in warm tropical areas

23
Q

Factors limiting distribution of reefs

A 
Temperature: hotter than 20 C
Depth: optimal 25 for light 
Salinity: optimal 32-35 ppt
Sedimentation: limited
Wave action: moderate
Submergence: limited
24
Q

Compare Atlantic and Pacific Reefs

A

Pacific reefs much more diverse and populated than Atlantic

25
Q

Classification of Reefs

A

Fringing reefs
Barrier Reefs
Atolls

26
Q

Fringing reefs

A

Occupy continental or island margins without deep lagoon or channel between mainland and reef crest; most reefs

27
Q

Barrier Reefs

A

Occupy continental margins but are separated from a land by broad deep channel or lagoon; further off shore

28
Q

Atolls

A

Are oceanic, non-continental with a circular reef crest enclosing a central shallow lagoon; island made of limestone

29
Q

Biological factor: coral competition

A

Exploitative and interference.
Pavona (massive) vs. Pocillopora (branching)

Pocillopora wins

30
Q

Biological factor: Coral versus Algal competition

A

Damaged coral, limited space, Algal wants to occupy space; don’t allow coral to recover

31
Q

Biological factor: predation

A

Corallivores
Eat corals
Small hurricanes can help thermally distressed; big hurricanes can destroy
Parrot fish and sturgeon fish poop sand to cement corals together

32
Q

Physiological factor: coral bleaching

A

Corals eliminating zooxanthellae when they get stressed from warmer temperatures and lower pHs

33
Q

Physiological factor: acidification

A

Oceans are carbon sinks which lead to acidification.
Why get rid zooxanthellae?
Get rid of some hoping those that can live through hotter temps and lower pH will repopulate to evolve

Invertebrate Biology (7 decks)

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