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Y2 parasitology > Phylum Nematoda > Flashcards

Phylum Nematoda Flashcards

1
Q

What are some characteristics of Nematodas?

A
  • cylindrical and tapered at both ends.
  • pseudocoelom
  • dioecious
  • complete digestive system
  • monoxenous and heteroxenous
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2
Q

What families are in Order Rhabditida?

A

Family Rhabditidae (dogs, ox’s and sheep) and Strongyloidae (sheep, cattle, pigs, horses, dogs and humans).

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3
Q

Where is family Rhabditida parasites located?

A

located in the skin and could be controlled with improved bedding.

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4
Q

Where is the family Strongyloididae located?

A

in the small intestines and only females are parasitic.

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5
Q

What are the different species family Strongyloididae?

A

S.papillosus (ruminants)
S.ransomi (pigs)
S.westeri (horses)
S.stercoralis (dogs, cats and humans)

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6
Q

What are the eggs like of family Rhabditida?

A

thin shelled and embryonated.

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7
Q

What is the morphology of Order Rhabditida?

A

they have fillariform oesophagus (1/3 of body)

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8
Q

What is the life cycle of Order Rhabditida?

A

parasitic female is embedded, anterior first into submucosa and lay their eggs.
life cycle can be either homoxenous or heteroxenous and they infect in host subcutaneously (tracheal migration) or orally.

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9
Q

What are homo and heterogonic lifecycles refer to?

A

These refer to the factors that affect larvae development.
adverse HOST but good environment = heterogonic
adverse ENVIRONMENT but food host = homogonic

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10
Q

What are some characteristics of Order Strongylida?

A
  • bursa’s in males
  • corona radiata
  • 3-6 lips
  • thin shelled with many cells
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11
Q

How can we identify Order Strongylida parasites?

A
  • bursa shape
  • lobe development
  • ray arrangement
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12
Q

Where are different places that Genus trichostrongyles are found?

A 
- abomasum 
  trichostrongylus axei 
  haemonchus 
  oatertagia 
- small intestine 
  trichostrongylus spp
  cooperia spp
  nematodirus spp 
- lungs 
  dictyocaulus spp
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13
Q

What happens in the preparasitic stage?

A
  • development of infective stage
  • movement to where they can in ingested
  • survive in the environment
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14
Q

What is hypobiosis?

A

arrested developed and can happen in L3 or early L4 stages.

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15
Q

What are haemonchus details?

A
  • in the abomasum and death can occur before the eggs are shed in faeces.
  • females look like barbers pole and males are the longest trichstrongyles
  • the anteror end has cervical papillae with a small pointed mouth.
  • male bursa have buttons at the end of their spicules.
  • female vulva is covered by flap
  • eggs are thin shelled with many eggs inside with equal poles.
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16
Q

What are Osteragia details?

A
  • in abomasum
  • anterior cuticle may be slightly inflated
  • cervical pappillae
  • thin shelled eggs with many cells and symmetrical poles
  • Type 1: direct development of a large number of adults (usually seen in pasture young animals)
  • Type 2: synchronised maturation with nodules. these can appear many months after animal has left the pasture.
17
Q

What are Cooperia details?

A
  • small intestine
  • anterior cuticle swelling with transverse striations
  • flattened egg poles
18
Q

What are Nematodius details?

A
  • small intestine
  • female tail = short and truncate
  • really large eggs with big blastomere
  • L3 development takes place inside the egg
  • they can survive in the environment for long period
19
Q

What are Dictyocaulus filaria details?

A
  • bronchi and trachae in sheep and goats
  • short bursa with brown spicules
  • embryonated eggs
  • first stage larvae are passed in faeces
  • free living larvae dont feed they’re rich in nutrients.
20
Q

What is different about Dictyocalus viviparous?

A
  • they’re in cattle
21
Q

What are some factors of the family Strongloidea?

A
  • buccal capsule with sclerotised walls
  • corona radiata
  • well developed male bursa
  • mostly in large intestine
22
Q

What is the difference between subfamilies strongylinae and cyatnostomine?

A 
strongylinae = large strongyles 
cyatnostominae = small strongyles
23
Q

What are Ancylostmatoides?

A

Hookworms

24
Q

What are some anyclostomatoidea features?

A
  • anterior end bent dorsally. buccal capsule but no corona radiata.
  • posterior end of males = bursa
  • small intestine
  • thin shelled with morula eggs
25
Q

What is arrested development in Ancylostoma species?

A

when some adults dont mature but instead go into somatic tissues = arrested development.
these are reactivated during the last part of the pregnancy where they infect puppies otherwise spontaneously.

26
Q

What are the type of worms in superfamily metastrongyloidea?

A

lung worms

27
Q

What are metastrongyloidea features?

A
  • small but absent mouth
  • small bursa
  • rays sometimes rend with swellings
  • respiratory and circulatory
  • both direct and indirect lifecycle
28
Q

What is the difference between direct and indirect life cycles?

A

indirect cycles have an intermediate host where they are ingested and in the metastrongyloidea case migrate to the lungs.
direct infects the host.

29
Q

Generally what are the IH of metastrongyloidea?

A

mainly snails and slugs and sometimes earth worms.

30
Q

What are some features of metastrongylus apri?

A
  • trachea, bronchi and bronchoiles
  • eggs are embryonated with a corrugated surface
  • females lay eggs in the respiratory tract which are then passed up and swallowed.
  • they NEED to be ingested by earthworms in order to develop then pigs eat earthworms and become infected.
31
Q

What are the lung worms of goats and sheep?

A

protostrongylus refescens, muellerius capillaris and cystocaulus ocreatus.

32
Q

What is the difference between metastrongylus apri and lungworms for goats and sheep?

A

the pig ones have earth worms as IH whereas the others have slugs or snails.

33
Q

What are Oslerus osleri parasites?

A

lung worms in the dog located at the junction of the trachea and bronchi.

34
Q

What is Angiostronglyus vasorum?

A

heart worm in the dog which is a small red worm wrapped around white intestines.

35
Q

What is paratenic host?

A

an organism that is not the intermediate host or the definitive host therefore the parasite has no affect until the paratenic host is ingested by definitive host. “accidentally affected”

Y2 parasitology (6 decks)

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