Phylum Echinodermata

Question 1

Deuterostome

Answer 1

Formed from anus first

Question 2

Endoskeleton

Answer 2

Inner skeleton

Question 3

Calcareous plates

Answer 3

Part of the endoskeleton of a sea star. Comprised of hundreds of hardened bony discs embedded in the flesh surrounding their soft inner organs

Question 4

Pedicellariae

Answer 4

Tiny pincer-like structures extending from the aboral surface of sea stars (aid in respiration)

Question 5

Water vascular system

Answer 5

Tubular system that is used for movement

Question 6

Madreporite (sieve plate)

Answer 6

Porous openings to the water vascular system located on the aboral surface of a sea star

Question 7

Stone canal

Answer 7

Calcium carbonate tube that’s part of the water vascular system. Conducts water between the madreporite and the ring canal

Question 8

Ring canal

Answer 8

Circular canal that wraps around the mouth

Question 9

Radial canals

Answer 9

canals that move water into the ampullae

Question 10

Tube feet

Answer 10

Muscular with suction cups, which are used to adhere and release from surfaces for movement

Question 11

Ampulla

Answer 11

Structure within tube feet through which the water moves

Question 12

Skin gills

Answer 12

Respiratory structure of members of Phylum Echinodermata through which the diffusion of gases occurs

Question 13

Class Asteroidea

Answer 13

Class of sea stars (usually penta-radial, can have as many as 2000 tube feet)

Question 14

Class Ophiuroidea

Answer 14

Brittle stars - often have 5 long and thin arms, tube feet have no suction cups

Question 15

Class Echinoidea

Answer 15

Sea urchins + sand dollars - body encased in a test with spines, burrow into the sand/ rocky ground, use Aristotles Lantern to chew their food

Question 16

Test

Answer 16

Hard porous covering

Question 17

Aristotle’s lantern

Answer 17

Mouth apparatus sea urchins use to chew their food

Question 18

Class Crinoidea

Answer 18

Feather stars, sea lilies - most ancient of the classes, sessile for part of life (can move to new location), capture food via extending tube feet & arms into water to capture suspended particles

Question 19

Class Holothuroidea

Answer 19

Sea cucumbers - cylindrical body shape, leathery outer body, have mucus on their tentacles to increase the ability to trap food

Question 20

Commensalism

Answer 20

association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other neither benefits or gets harmed

Question 21

Bioturbinators

Answer 21

Stir up ocean floor to bring nutrients to the surface (reworking of soils/ sediments by animals or plants)