Phylum Arthropoda (K.4) Flashcards
Head - thorax - abdomen
Main body regions
Head - includes mouth an antennae
Thorax - includes legs and wings
Abdomen - includes additional legs, digestive structures and reproductive organs
Cephalothorax
“Head thorax”
Head and thorax fused together
Antennae
Pair of slender, movable segmented sensory organs on the head of an organism (i.e. insects, crustaceans, etc)
Exoskeleton (chitin)
Skeleton in the outside of an organisms body (chitin is one of the substances that it’s made out of)
Appendages
Bodily parts in both humans and animals
Molting
Shedding of an old body covering while producing a new one
Mandibles
Essentially jaws, teeth-like structures that move sideways in order to “chew”
Gills - Tracheal tubes - Book lungs
Structures for respiration within arthropods
Spiracles
Respiratory openings which are connected to the tracheal tubes
Malpighian tubules
Excretory organs of most arthropods. Drain waste.
Compound eye
Eye with multiple lenses (can see colour and movement)
Simple eye (ocelli)
Small eye of an insect/ arthropod with only one lens (can see light vs dark and the horizon)
Tympanum
Flat membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves
Pheromones
Hormone like substance released by organisms to elicit a response by others or to communicate with other organisms
Trilobites
Extinct group of arthropods
Class Crustacea
Organisms (i.e. crayfish, crabs, lobsters) under Arthropoda with
- 2 pairs of antennae
- branched appendages
- 5 pairs of legs (chelipeds) and 4 pairs of walking legs
- swimmerets
- Nauplius (free swimming larvae)
Nauplius larva
Free-swimming larva of organisms under Class Crustacea
Carapace
Hard shell-like protective covering of the cephalothorax of crustaceans
Rostrum
Anterior tip of a crustaceans carapace (sticks forward from the head between the eyes)
Chelipeds
First pair of jointed legs of members of Class Crustacea (will eventually become specialized into pincers)
Antennules
Small antennae, (first pair of antennae in a crustacean)
Walking legs
Appendage of an arthropod adapted to walking
Swimmerets
Thoracic appendages used for movement in water
Green glands
Excretory structure for crustaceans located in the anterior part of their body
Telson
Posterior segments of a lobsters or crayfish. It’s specialized to “cup” water which allows these animals to “swim” backwards
Uropods
Second to last thoracic appendages on crustaceans. Function with the telson for reverse movement in water.
Class Arachnida
Class name of spiders and scorpions
- 6 pairs of jointed appendages (1st pair = chelicerae (fangs or pinchers), 2nd = pedipalps (sensing and holding prey), the rest are for locomotion
- no antennae
- have spinnerets which create silk webs (spiders)
Chelicerae
one of the anterior pair of appendages of an arachnid (specialized as fangs or pinchers)
Pedipalps
second pair of appendages of various arthropods (such as an arachnid) that are on each side of the mouth (used for sensing and holding prey)
Spinnerets
Organ used to create silk webs
Class Insecta
small arthropod animal that has six legs and generally one or two pairs of wings
Complete metamorphosis
Developmental process of organisms having four distinct stages (egg, larva, pupa and adult)
Egg-larva-pupa-adult
Stages in complete metamorphosis Egg - 1st stage Larva - 2nd stage, feeding stage Pupa - 3rd stage, dormant/ changing stage Adult - 4th stage
Chrysalis/ Cocoon
Cocoon- pupa stage in complete life cycle of a moth (the larva develops into a cocoon to undergo metamorphosis into an adult moth)
Chrysalis - pupa stage in complete metamorphosis of a butterfly (larva develops into a chrysalis to undergo metamorphosis into an adult butterfly)
Incomplete metamorphosis
Series of changes some animals go through as they mature from egg to adult. (Typically requires less than 4 steps that characterize the metamorphosis)
Egg - nymph stages - adult
Stages in incomplete metamorphosis
Egg - 1st stage
Nymph stages - 2nd “stage” where development occurs (organism just gets bigger)
Adult - 3rd stage where the organism is at its biggest and now “fully grown”
Caste system
Social structure in an insect colony where members of each different caste have a specific role
Queen - mother of all the bees (only female in colony capable of reproduction)
Drones - Only reproductive male bees in the colony, only job is to mate with a queen from another hive
Workers - do all the work in the hive, responsible for collecting food, water, building, cleaning, raising larvae, protecting the hive, and caring for the queen (non reproductive males)
Ovipositor
Specialized structure at posterior end of some female insects, designed to lay ova/ eggs into the ground
Gastric caeca
Cone shaped digestive glands of many insects such as grasshoppers
Class Chilopda
Class name of centipedes
- have 1 pair of legs per segment
Class Diplopoda
Class name of millipedes
- 2 pairs of legs per abdominal segment
- 1 pair of legs per thorax segment
