Phylum Arthropoda (K.4)

Question 1

Head - thorax - abdomen

Answer 1

Main body regions
Head - includes mouth an antennae
Thorax - includes legs and wings
Abdomen - includes additional legs, digestive structures and reproductive organs

Question 2

Cephalothorax

Answer 2

“Head thorax”

Head and thorax fused together

Question 3

Antennae

Answer 3

Pair of slender, movable segmented sensory organs on the head of an organism (i.e. insects, crustaceans, etc)

Question 4

Exoskeleton (chitin)

Answer 4

Skeleton in the outside of an organisms body (chitin is one of the substances that it’s made out of)

Question 5

Appendages

Answer 5

Bodily parts in both humans and animals

Question 6

Molting

Answer 6

Shedding of an old body covering while producing a new one

Question 7

Mandibles

Answer 7

Essentially jaws, teeth-like structures that move sideways in order to “chew”

Question 8

Gills - Tracheal tubes - Book lungs

Answer 8

Structures for respiration within arthropods

Question 9

Spiracles

Answer 9

Respiratory openings which are connected to the tracheal tubes

Question 10

Malpighian tubules

Answer 10

Excretory organs of most arthropods. Drain waste.

Question 11

Compound eye

Answer 11

Eye with multiple lenses (can see colour and movement)

Question 12

Simple eye (ocelli)

Answer 12

Small eye of an insect/ arthropod with only one lens (can see light vs dark and the horizon)

Question 13

Tympanum

Answer 13

Flat membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves

Question 14

Pheromones

Answer 14

Hormone like substance released by organisms to elicit a response by others or to communicate with other organisms

Question 15

Trilobites

Answer 15

Extinct group of arthropods

Question 16

Class Crustacea

Answer 16

Organisms (i.e. crayfish, crabs, lobsters) under Arthropoda with

• 2 pairs of antennae
• branched appendages
• 5 pairs of legs (chelipeds) and 4 pairs of walking legs
• swimmerets
• Nauplius (free swimming larvae)

Question 17

Nauplius larva

Answer 17

Free-swimming larva of organisms under Class Crustacea

Question 18

Carapace

Answer 18

Hard shell-like protective covering of the cephalothorax of crustaceans

Question 19

Rostrum

Answer 19

Anterior tip of a crustaceans carapace (sticks forward from the head between the eyes)

Question 20

Chelipeds

Answer 20

First pair of jointed legs of members of Class Crustacea (will eventually become specialized into pincers)

Question 21

Antennules

Answer 21

Small antennae, (first pair of antennae in a crustacean)

Question 22

Walking legs

Answer 22

Appendage of an arthropod adapted to walking

Question 23

Swimmerets

Answer 23

Thoracic appendages used for movement in water

Question 24

Green glands

Answer 24

Excretory structure for crustaceans located in the anterior part of their body

Question 25

Telson

Answer 25

Posterior segments of a lobsters or crayfish. It’s specialized to “cup” water which allows these animals to “swim” backwards

Question 26

Uropods

Answer 26

Second to last thoracic appendages on crustaceans. Function with the telson for reverse movement in water.

Question 27

Class Arachnida

Answer 27

Class name of spiders and scorpions

• 6 pairs of jointed appendages (1st pair = chelicerae (fangs or pinchers), 2nd = pedipalps (sensing and holding prey), the rest are for locomotion
• no antennae
• have spinnerets which create silk webs (spiders)

Question 28

Chelicerae

Answer 28

one of the anterior pair of appendages of an arachnid (specialized as fangs or pinchers)

Question 29

Pedipalps

Answer 29

second pair of appendages of various arthropods (such as an arachnid) that are on each side of the mouth (used for sensing and holding prey)

Question 30

Spinnerets

Answer 30

Organ used to create silk webs

Question 31

Class Insecta

Answer 31

small arthropod animal that has six legs and generally one or two pairs of wings

Question 32

Complete metamorphosis

Answer 32

Developmental process of organisms having four distinct stages (egg, larva, pupa and adult)

Question 33

Egg-larva-pupa-adult

Answer 33

Stages in complete metamorphosis 
Egg - 1st stage
Larva - 2nd stage, feeding stage
Pupa - 3rd stage, dormant/ changing stage
Adult - 4th stage

Question 34

Chrysalis/ Cocoon

Answer 34

Cocoon- pupa stage in complete life cycle of a moth (the larva develops into a cocoon to undergo metamorphosis into an adult moth)
Chrysalis - pupa stage in complete metamorphosis of a butterfly (larva develops into a chrysalis to undergo metamorphosis into an adult butterfly)

Question 35

Incomplete metamorphosis

Answer 35

Series of changes some animals go through as they mature from egg to adult. (Typically requires less than 4 steps that characterize the metamorphosis)

Question 36

Egg - nymph stages - adult

Answer 36

Stages in incomplete metamorphosis
Egg - 1st stage
Nymph stages - 2nd “stage” where development occurs (organism just gets bigger)
Adult - 3rd stage where the organism is at its biggest and now “fully grown”

Question 37

Caste system

Answer 37

Social structure in an insect colony where members of each different caste have a specific role

Queen - mother of all the bees (only female in colony capable of reproduction)
Drones - Only reproductive male bees in the colony, only job is to mate with a queen from another hive
Workers - do all the work in the hive, responsible for collecting food, water, building, cleaning, raising larvae, protecting the hive, and caring for the queen (non reproductive males)

Question 38

Ovipositor

Answer 38

Specialized structure at posterior end of some female insects, designed to lay ova/ eggs into the ground

Question 39

Gastric caeca

Answer 39

Cone shaped digestive glands of many insects such as grasshoppers

Question 40

Class Chilopda

Answer 40

Class name of centipedes

- have 1 pair of legs per segment

Question 41

Class Diplopoda

Answer 41

Class name of millipedes

• 2 pairs of legs per abdominal segment
• 1 pair of legs per thorax segment