phylum (detailed) Flashcards
PHYLUM- PORIFERA
sponges, mostly marine, asymmetrical, primitive multicellular and cellular level organisation, acolemate, water transport, choanocytes- collar cells, digestion is intracellular, body made of skeleton made of spngin fivres or spicules, sexes not seperate, asexually by fragmentation and sexually by formation of gametes, fertilisation internal and developmemt indirect
EXAMPLES- PORIFERA
- sycon (skypha)
- spongilla (fresh water sponge)
- leucosolenia (smallest)
- euspongia (bath water sponge)
- euplectella (bridal gift in japan)
PHYLUM- COELENTERATE
aquatic, mostly marine, diploblastic, tissue level organisation, acolemate, sessile or free swimming, radially symmetrical, contains cnidoblasts (stinging capsules contain) which are used for- anchorage, defence and capture of prey, gastrovascular cavity wid a single opening- hypostome digestion is intra and extra. corals- calcium carbonate. 2 forms medusa (umbrella)- free swimming and polyp (cylindrical)- sessile,
metagenesis- both (obelia)
poly reproduce asexually- to form medusa and medusa reproduce sexually to form polyp
EXAMPLES- COELENTERATE
- Obelia
- Hydra
- Adamsia (sea anemone)
- Aurelia (jelly fish)
- Physalia ( portuguese man of war)
- Pennatula (sea pen)
- Gorgonia (sea fan)
- Meandrina (brain coral)
PHYLUM- CTENOPHORA
commonly known as - comb jellies, sea walnut, exclusively marine, radially symmetrical, diploblastic, tissue level organisation, acolemate, 8 rows of ciliated comb plates for locomotion, bioluminescence, digestion is extra and intra, fertilisation is external, development is indirect, reproduction takes place only sexually.
EXAMPLES- CTENOPHORA
- Pleurobrachia
- Ctenoplana
PHYLUM- PLATYHELMINTHES
dorso ventrally flattened body, flatworms, endoparasites, bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, acolemate, organ level of organisation, hooks and suckers r present, absorb nutrients from the host, flame cells are present for osmoregulation and excretion. sexes are seperate fertilisation is internal, development in indirect, planaria possess regeneration capacity
EXAMPLES- PLATYHELMINTHES
- Taenia (tapeworm)
- Fasciola (liver fluke)
- Dugesia (planaria)
- Schistosoma (blood fluke)
PHYLUM- ASCHELMINTHES
circular- roundworm, may be free living, aquatic, terrestrial or parasitic in plants and animals. organ system level of organisation, bilaterally symmetrical, pseudocoelemate, alimentary canal is complete wid the presence of a muscular pharynx, an excretory tube removes waste thru and excretory pore, sexes are seperate, fertilization if internal, development may be direct or indirect, females r longer than males
EXAMPLES- ASCHELMINTHES
- Ascaris (round worm)
- Wuchereria (filarial worm)
- Ancylostoma (hookworm)
PHYLUM- ANNELIDA
may be aquatic (marine and fresh), terrestrial, free living or sometimes parasitic. bilaterally symmetrical, organ system level of organisation, triploblastic, colemate, metameres or segmented hence the name. longitudinal circular muscles, help in locomotion. aquatic animals like nereis possess lateral appendages knows and parapodia which help in swimming. they have a closed circulatory system, they possess nephridia for osmoregulation and excretion, nervous system- pair of ganglia cells connected by lateral nerves to a double ventral chord, nereis- sexes separate, earthworm- sexes not separate.
EXAMPLES- ANNELIDA
- Nereis (sandworm)
- Pheretima (Earthworm)
- Hirudinaria (blood sucking leech)
PHYLUM- ARTHROPODA
largest phylum, over two thirds of insects, organ system level of organisation, triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical, coelomate, chitinous exoskeleton, jointed appendages, respiratory organs are gills, book gills, book lungs, tracheal system. sensory organs are, eyes, antenna, statocysts, balancing organs r present. excretion takes place through malphigian tubules, sexes are seperate, fertilisation is internal, development may be indirect or direct , circulatory system is of open type,
ARTHROPODA- EXAMPLES
A] economically important insects
1. Apis (honey bee)
2. Bombyx (silkworm)
3. Laccifer (lac insect)
B] Vectors
1. Anopheles (malaria)
2. Culex
3. Aedes (mosquito)
C] gregarious pest
1. Locustsa (Locust)
D] Libing fossil
1.limulus (king crab)
PHYLUM- MOLLUSCA
second largest phylum, terrestrial or aquatic(marine or fresh water), organ system level or organisation, triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical, coelomate, body is covered by a calcerous shell and is unsegmemted. dstinct head, muscular foot and visceral hump. a soft spongy layer of skin forms a mantle over the hump. space between hump and mantle is the mantle cavity. contains feather like gills. has respiratory and excretory functions. fil like rasping organ called radula, anterior part of head is radula. sexes r seperate, development is indirect
EXAMPLES- MOLLUSCA
- Chaetopleura (chiton)
- Aplysia (sea hare)
- Dentalium (tusk shell)
- Pinctada (pear oyester)
- Pila (apple snail)
- Sepia (cuttle fish)
- Loligo (squid)
- Octopus (devil fish)
PHYLUM- ECHINODERMATA
endoskeleton of calcerous ossicles, hence name echinoderms- spiney bodied, triploblastic, organ system level of organisation, coelom, BLAR, larvae mei bilaterally summetrical and adult is radially symmetrical, digestive tract is complete wid mouth on the ventral(lower side) and anus on the dorsal(upper side), water vascular system- respiration, locomotion, capture and transport of food. excretory system is absent. sexes r seprate, reporduction is sexual. fertilisation is external, development is indirect wid free swimming larva
EXAMPLES- ECHINODERMATA
- Echinus (sea urchin)
2.. Asterias (star fish) - Antedon (sea lily)
- Cucumaria (sea cucumber)
- Ophiura (brittle star)
PHYLUM- HEMICHORDATA
under sub phyla of chordata but a separate phylum now. rudimentary structure in the collar region similar to notochord known as stomochord. trippoblastic, organ system level of organisation, bilaterally symmetrical, coelomate, body is cylindrical wid anterior proboscis, collar and trunk. excretion is thru proboscis gland, circulation is of open type. respiration is by gills. fertilization is external and development in indirect sexes r seprate
EXAMPLES- HEMICHORDATA
- Balanglossus
2.Protoglossus - Saccoglossus
- Cephalodiscus
- Raphdopleura
