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Biology > Phylum Chordata > Flashcards

Phylum Chordata Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Vertebrae

A

Segments of bone or hard substance arranged into a backbone.

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2
Q

Notochord

A

Rod of though ,flexible material that runs the length of a creatures body, and provides the majority of support.

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3
Q

Endoskeleton

A

A skeleton inside the creatures body. made up of bone of cartilage

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4
Q

Bone marrow

A

A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells.

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5
Q

Axial skeleton

A

The part of the skeleton that supports and protects the head ,neck, and trunk.

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6
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

The part of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it.

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7
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

The oxygen carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels.

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8
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart.

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9
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny thin walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body.

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10
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood back to the heart

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11
Q

Olfactory lobes

A

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose.

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12
Q

Cerebrum

A

The lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creatures response to that info.

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13
Q

Optic lobes

A

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes.

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14
Q

Cerebellum

A

The lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement.

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15
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

The lobes that coordinate vital functions such as circulatory and respiratory systems and transport signals form the brain to the spinal chord.

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16
Q

Internal fertilization

A

The eggs are fertilized in the body.

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17
Q

External fertilization

A

The eggs are fertilized outside the body.

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18
Q

Oviparous development

A

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside of the body.

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19
Q

Ovoviviparous development

A

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the body.

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20
Q

Viviparous development

A

Development that happens inside the body.

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21
Q

Anadromous

A

A life cycle where creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and go back to fresh water to reproduce.

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22
Q

Bile

A

A mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat.

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23
Q

Atrium

A

A heart chamber that receives blood.

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24
Q

Ventricle

A

A heart chamber that pumps blood out of the heart.

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25
Q

Ectothermic (Cold Blooded)

A

Lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat.

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26
Q

Hibernation

A

A deep state of low activity

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27
Q

Class Amphibia

A

Frog, toad, salamander

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28
Q

Class Chondrichthyes

A

Sharks, ray, skate

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29
Q

Class Agnatha

A

Lamprey eel

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30
Q

Class Osteichthyes

A

Fish

31
Q

subphylum Urochordata

A

Sea squirt

32
Q

subphylum Cephalochordata

A

Lancelet

33
Q

What do sea squirts, lampreys, and amphibians have in common?

A

They all go through metamorphosis

34
Q

What is the difference between cartilage and bone?

A

Cartilage is more flexible than bone.

35
Q

Blood vessel with very thin walls?

A

Capillaries

36
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

Carry o2

37
Q

What protein gives red blood cells color?

A

Hemoglobin

38
Q

Frog and toads have very jerky muscles, what brain lob is small?

A

Cerebellum

39
Q

Owls have sensitive vision, what brain lob is bigger?

A

Optic lobes

40
Q

A creature reproduces when the female receives sperm from the male and then lays an egg which hatches. Internal or external? what kind of development?

A

Internal, Oviparous

41
Q

Which has the most inflexible skeleton: Ray, lamprey, or a salmon

A

Salmon

42
Q

What do Atlantic salmon and many lampreys have in common.

A

They are anadromous, they hatch in fresh water, migrate to salt water and go back to fresh water to reproduce.

43
Q

What is the sharks most sensitive means of finding prey?

A

Electrical field sensor

44
Q

What function does the lateral line perform in sharks and boney fish?

A

Senses the vibrations in the water.

45
Q

What function do the dorsal fins perform in both sharks and boney fish? what function does the anterior dorsal fin play only in boney fish?

A

Balance, Weapon

46
Q

What is the major difference between the tail of a ray and the tail of a skate?

A

Rays- thin, whip like Skates- thick and fleshy.

47
Q

List the six common characteristics of amphibians?

A

Endoskeleton made mostly of bone, smooth skin, usually have two pairs of limbs with webbed feet, up to four organs of respiration, three chambered heart, oviparous and external fertilization.

48
Q

What is the difference between toad and frog?

A

Toad-bumpy skin, land Frog- smooth skin, near water

49
Q

For most amphibians, what is the major respiratory organ?

A

Skin

50
Q

Gills

A

Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the water and the blood.

51
Q

Heart

A

Pumps blood

52
Q

Liver

A

Makes bile for the digestion of fats and does other chemical tasks.

53
Q

Gall bladder

A

Concentrates bile

54
Q

Pyloric ceca

A

Secretes digestive enzymes and chemicals that break down food in stomach.

55
Q

Intestine

A

Digests food

56
Q

Gonad

A

reproduction

57
Q

Anus

A

Expelling the undigested food

58
Q

Brain

A

Controls nervous system

59
Q

Esophagus

A

Sends food to stomach

60
Q

stomach

A

stores and breaks down food

61
Q

Spinal cord

A

Sends messages from brain to other parts of the body and vice-versa

62
Q

Kidney

A

Cleans blood of waste products

63
Q

Air bladder

A

Allows fish to change depths and float in water

64
Q

Efferent brachial arteries avn

A

Arteries

65
Q

Dorsal aorta avn

A

Arteries

66
Q

Ventral aorta avn

A

Arteries

67
Q

Afferent brachial arteries avn

A

Arteries

68
Q

Anterior cardinal vein avn

A

Veins

69
Q

Posterior vein avn

A

veins

70
Q

Atrium (v,a,n)

A

Neither

71
Q

Ventricle avn

A

Neither

72
Q

Gills (n,a,v)

A

Neither

73
Q

Kidney (v,a,n)

A

Neither

Biology (5 decks)

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