Kingdom Plantae: Anatomy and Classification Flashcards
Botany
The study of plants.
Perennial plants
Plants that grow year after year. Generally have woodier stems of trunks.
Annual plants
Live for one year. They are called herbaceous.
Biennial plants
Herbaceous plants that live for two years.
Vegetative organs
Stem, roots, and leaves not used in reproduction.
Reproductive plant organs
Flowers, fruits and seeds. encases seeds.
Undifferentiated cells
Cells that have not specialized in a specific function.
Xylem
Non living vascular tissue that carries water and dissolves minerals from the roots of a plant to its leaves.
Phloem
Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout the plant.
Leaf mosaic
The arrangement of leaves on the stem of a plant.
Leaf margin
The characteristics of the leaf’s edge.
Epidermis (use)
Protect inner parts of the leaf
Xylem function
Carries water and dissolves minerals
Phloem function
Transports food and organic substances
chollenchyma (use)
Support
Palisade mesophyll (use)
Photosynthesis
Spongy mesophyll (use)
Photosynthesis
What controls the opening and closing of the stomata on a leaf?
Guard cells
Why is the bottom of the leaf typically a lighter shade of green than the top of the leaf?
Photosynthesis cells are not tightly packed there.
Deciduous plant
A plant that looses its leaves for winter, in order to conserve water
Name two types of pigments that cause leaves to be a color other than green.
Carotenoids, and anthocyanins
If a tree has no abscission layer, will it be deciduous?
No
Where is the abscission layer?
Between the stem and the petuel
Girdling
The process of cutting away a ring of inner and outer bark all the way around a tree.
What region contains undifferentiated cells?
Meristematic
What allows woody stems to have no limits to their growth?
They have a layer of tissue called the cork cambium.
What is the function of vascular cambium?
Produce new xylem and phloem.
If a stem has cork cambium, is it woody or herbaceous?
woody
What kind of vascular tissue makes up most of the wood in a woody stem?
xylem
What kind of vascular tissue is found in the inner bark of a woody stem?
phloem
Alternation of generations
A life cycle in which there is a both multicellular diploid form and a multicellular haploid form.
Dominant generation
In alternation of generations, it is the generation that occupies the largest portion of the life cycle.
A fern has antheridia and archegonia. Which part of the fern life cycle is it in? Is this the dominant generation?
The gametophyte generation, no.
Pollen
A fine dust that contains the sperm of seed producing plants.
What are the male and female reproductive organs in a tree from phylum Coniferophyta?
Pollen-cone and seed-cone
Why are plants from phylum Bryophyta relatively small?
They have no vascular tissue to transport nutrients very far.
If a 15-foot tall plant has a root system that goes four feet deep, is it fibrous or taproot system?
Fibrous
Name other difference between monocots and dicots.
Venation is parallel vs netted venation. Fibrous vs taproot system. Flowers in groups of three or six vs flowers in groups of four or five.
A plant produces seed cones and pollen cones. Is it vascular? To what phylum (of the ones that we discussed)does it belong?
Yes, Coniferophyta
A plant produces flowers. To what phylum does it belong?
Anthophyta
