Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Zoo Exam 2 > Phylum Athropods > Flashcards

Phylum Athropods Flashcards

1
Q

Taxonomy in order including: subphylum, superclass, and subclass

A

kingdom
phylum
subphylum
superclass
class
subclass
order
family
genus
species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what taxonomic groups of arthropods are recognized

A

1)subphylum trilobita
2)subphylum chelicerata- class merostomata (horseshoe crab) and class arachinda (spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions)
3)subphylum crustacea (crab lobster crayfish)
4)Subphylum myriapoda- class chilopoda (centipedes) and class diplopoda (millipedes)
5)subphylum hexapoda- class insecta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

is the largest phylum arthropods?

A

yes
75% of known animal species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is first reason for arthropod success

A

-exoskeleton (cuticle) with flexible joints,
secreted by the epidermis
-primarily chitin (a tough, resistant, nitrogenous
polysaccharide that is insoluble in water, alkalis,
and weak acids)
-cuticle is flexible but affords protection,
particularly against dehydration
-Calcium salts in cuticle of crustaceans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is major disadvantage of arthropod exoskeleton

A

must be molted since its not alive and cannot grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

second reason for arthropod success

A

segmentation and appendages for more efficient locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how are the appendages unique

A

they’re jointed
hollow lever moved by internal muscle
gives them great strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

third reason for arthropod success

A

air piped directly to cells
terrestrial arthropods have a highly efficient tracheal
system which delivers oxygen directly to the tissues
and cells
high metabolic rate possible
Disadvantage: limits
body size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is used in aquatic species respiration

A

gills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fourth reason for arthropod sucess

A

highly developed sensory organs
keenly alert to surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fifth reason for arthropod success

A

complex behavior patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sixth reason for arthropods success

A

metamorphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the two kinds of metamorphosis

A

holometabolous (“complete change”) and hemimetabolous
(“half change”)
also called complete and incomplete metamorphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does this phylum excrete waste

A

gills through which nitrogenous wastes are lost via diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what glands are used for osmoregulation

A

antennal glands aka green glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what type of excretory/osmoregulatory do terrestrial arthropods have

A

have Malpighian tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is circulatory system in aquatic forms such as crayfish

A

open circulatory system with heart and arteries but no veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the circulatory system in terrestrial forms
such as insects and spiders?

A

Open circulatory system
pump : dorsal vessel, moves blood by peristalsis
extent of arteries varies, no veins
pumps hemolymph (blood), consisting of plasma and amebocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mouthparts found among insects (3)

A

biting or chewing (grasshopper)
sucking (mosquito)
sponging and lapping (house fly)
some insects combine these

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Evolutionary relationship between
annelids and arthropods?

A

rocophore larvae evidence for annelid/mollusc
relationship
RNA evidence does not show close relationship
between annelids and arthropods
there is active research in this area
segmentation of annelids and arthropods may be
homoplasy or homology, research ongoing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What subphylum and class are horseshoe crabs?

A

Chelicerata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why are they called chelicerata?

A

because they possess chelicera, the first pair of head appendages, used to seize prey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are in subphylum Chelicerata, class Arachnida

A

mites, ticks and spiders and scorpions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is chelicera

A

used to kill prey/pierce food source
poison fangs in spiders

25
Q

what are pedipals

A

paired head appendages used as legs, pincers or feeder

26
Q

what glands make silk in spiders

A

silk glands

27
Q

silk glands make silk, which is then emitted as liquid by what

A

spinnerets

28
Q

what is sexual dysmorphism in spiders

A

males have specialized pedipalps used for sperm transfer
males are small compared to female

29
Q

how do spiders have sex

A

male spins small web and deposits sperm which is then sucked into modified pedipalps
male courts female with ritualized movements and insert pedipalp into the seminal receptacle of female

30
Q

class Arachnida what are the two major parts of a spiders body

A

cephalothorax and abdomen

31
Q

how many eyes and legs to Arachnida have

A

8 eyes
8 legs

32
Q

what are two spiders in US that are dangerous

A

black widow and brown recluse

33
Q

what does black widow release

A

neurotoxin

34
Q

what does brown recluse release

A

necrotic

35
Q

how do scorpions differ in structure from spiders

A

short cephalothorax, pre-abdomen and post abdomen of 5 segments which ends in a stinging telson
small chelicerae and enlarged pincer-like pedipalps

36
Q

class Arachnida order acari what are they

A

acari-mites and ticks

37
Q

how are acari medially and economically

A

second only to mosquitoes as disease vectors
carry apicomplexans, viral, bacterial and fungal organisms
some very serious ag pests belong in the group

38
Q

how do ticks and mites differ from all other arachnids?

A

complete fusion of the cephalothorax and abdomen, with no signs of external segmentation
most have 4 pairs of legs like other arachnids

39
Q

what tick carry lyme disease

A

deer tick

40
Q

order acari-mites
how are they mammalian pests

A

chiggers are mite larvae that cause dermatitis and transmit disease, some cause mange
most are free living

41
Q

Subphylum Myriapoda
what is class Chilipoda
what is class Diplopoda

A

Centipedes (class Chilipoda)
Millipedes (class Diplopoda)

42
Q

Explain class chilopod

A

centipedes have similar segments, 1 pair of legs per segment, first pair modified into maxillipeds with poison fangs
segments are somewhat flattened
fast-moving predators, live in moist places

43
Q

explain class Diplopoda

A

millepedes have two pairs of short legs per segment: slow moving
millepede head bears a pair of each of antennae, mandibles, and maxillae
herbivores, perfer dark, moist places; protect themselves by curling up and secreting toxic fluids from repugnatiorial glands

44
Q

what does this subphylum (crustacea) include terrestrial or aquatic arthropods

A

aquatic

45
Q

what percentage of all named animal species are either crustaceans or insects

A

80%

46
Q

explain the crustacean body plan, and what is unique

A

cephalothorax and segmented abdomen
one pair of appendages/per segments but highly modified to serve different functions
unique- are only arthropods with 2 pair of antennae

47
Q

how does digestive system in crustaceans

A

crushing mandibles>esophagus>cardiac stomach>pyloric stomach>intestine

48
Q

what type of development do crustacean have

A

most have indirect with true larval stage

49
Q

what is the most primitive and widely occurring larvae among crustaceans

A

nauplius

50
Q

What major group of
crustaceans includes,
crabs, lobsters, crayfish,
and how many species are
there in this group?

A

Order decapoda (about 18,000
species)
3 pairs of maxillipeds; five pairs
of walking legs, some have
major pincers (chelae)!

51
Q

what is an example of terrestrial crustaceans

A

isopods (pillbugs)
lack a cuticle that prevents dehydration, so they must live in moist locations

52
Q

what is an unusual crustacean and how is it classified as such

A

barnacles
sessile, filter feeders
they have jointed appendages, so they cant be molluscs

53
Q

what is subphylum hexapoda body plan

A

head
thorax-3 pairs of legs on thorax
abdomen
have wings as adults

54
Q

how important ecologically and to humans are subphylum hexapoda class insecta

A

all feeding types
inhibit all habitat except marine
important to humans bc of pollinators, crop and forest pests, disease vector

55
Q

In terms of adaptive radiation and ecological success, which class in THE dominant terrestrial animal

A

insecta
1.1 mil species

56
Q

how are insects so successful? (6 answers)

A

exoskeleton protects them from dehydration and serves
as a firm attachment for powerful muscles
efficient excretory system to conserve water
along with birds and bats, the only animals that can fly
larvae and adults avoid competition with each other
complex, effective internal respiratory system

57
Q

Which type of flight muscles do
more primitive insects have
(such as grasshoppers and
dragonflies)?

A

direct flight muscles

58
Q

how do direct flight muscles work

A

each wing stroke is initiated by
a nervous impulse- this is called
synchronous nervous control

59
Q

explain indirect flight muscles

A

attached to thorax
asynchronous nervous control
=many wing strokes are
initiated by one nervous
impulse
makes possible very rapid wing
beats
e.g.true flies, gnats, and bees

Zoo Exam 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions