Phylogeny Flashcards
What is taxonomy
- science of classification
- naming and organizing species into related groups based on similarity of features (usually in appearance)
How did linnaean classification made things simplier
Name in two parts, genus and species
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Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain
Difference between taxonomy and phylogenetics
Taxonomy reveals little about evolution, while phylogenetics considers evolution
What are phylogenetics
- Study of evolutionary history of related groups of organisms
- Organisms grouped into taxa based on shared characteristics that result from common ancestry
What is a phylogenetic tree
Represents hypothesis about evolutionary relationships among species or higher taxa
What evidence is used to construct phylogenetic trees
- Fossil record
- Similarities in anatomy, development, proteins, & DNA. WHEN DUE TO HOMOLOGY
What is the taxon, plural taxa
Generic category for group of organisms/spcies
What is a node
Area where theres been a split in population & two groups become more and more difference and become diff species
Why are convergent traits not useful for building trees
Does not tell anything about shared ancestry
What is a clade
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What is a monophyletic group
A common ancestor and all of its descendants
What s a paraphyletic group
A common ancestor and some but not all of its descendants
What is a polyphyletic group
All or some of the descendants of two or more ancestors
What are three misconceptions about phylogenetic trees
- Phylognetic trees represent evolutionary progress
- Phylogenetic trees show increased diversity over time
- Traditional classification always reflects phylogenetic relationships
