phycology- exam 1

Question 1

Independent var:

Answer 1

directly manipulated

Question 2

Dependant var:

Answer 2

being measured

Question 3

Operationalism

Answer 3

detailed var (specific)

Question 4

Exstrenus var:

Answer 4

unclntroledable var

Question 5

Confounding var:

Answer 5

var hiding results

Question 6

Simulation var:

Answer 6

extr var in environment in study

Question 7

Order effect:

Answer 7

improve/worsen over time

Question 8

Demand char:

Answer 8

alter behavior in response to study

Question 9

Investigation effect:

Answer 9

researcher intentionally gives away

Question 10

Participant var:

Answer 10

extr var related to participant

Question 11

Standards proceeds:

Answer 11

when procedure is same overall

Question 12

Counterbalancing:

Answer 12

2 group, 1: A then B, 2: B then A

Question 13

Randomization:

Answer 13

group randomly sorted f A,B to their 1st, 2nd condition

Question 14

Single blind technique:

Answer 14

info witheld from participants

Question 15

Double blind technique:

Answer 15

info withheld from participants and researcher

Question 16

Random allocation:

Answer 16

participants randomly sent to conditions in study

Question 17

Null hypothesis:

Answer 17

will fail to show any link to hypothesis

Question 18

Experimental hypothesis:

Answer 18

predicts what’s gonna happen

Question 19

Directional hypothesis:

Answer 19

predicts direction of results will go in

Question 20

Non- directional hypothesis:

Answer 20

predicts connection will not be made

Question 21

Experimental hy:

Answer 21

hy used in field experiment

Question 22

Target population:

Answer 22

people who could be investigated in study

Question 23

Sample:

Answer 23

people being investigated in study

Question 24

Generalizability:

Answer 24

how much sample can rep the whole target population.

Question 25

Sampling method:

Answer 25

technique used to gather generalizable sample

Question 26

Random sampling:

Answer 26

technique used to gather completely random for target population

Question 27

Sampling error:

Answer 27

when sample differs from qualities in target population

Question 28

Bias sampling:

Answer 28

group may lean towards one characteristic

Question 29

Opportunity sampling:

Answer 29

anyone who is available and willing to take part in the study.

Question 30

Stratified sampling technique:

Answer 30

subgroups population accurately represent sample

Question 31

Research design:

Answer 31

participants allocated to conditions of study.

Question 32

Experimental design:

Answer 32

name of research design used in exsperiment

Question 33

Independent measures design:

Answer 33

group divided, one condition each

Question 34

Repeated pairs design:

Answer 34

same participants in all conditions of study

Question 35

Matched pairs design:

Answer 35

diff participants using in each conditions but matched for important characteristics, like twins.

Question 36

Respect for autonomy, privacy and dignity of individuals and communities-

Answer 36

Respect all aspects of a person (religion, age, sex, heritage, ect), participants should have the right to withdraw.

Question 37

Scientific integrity-

Answer 37

Psychologists conduct well designed research not be misleading.

Question 38

Social responsibility-

Answer 38

Findings beneficial to groups and communities and be responsible for them.

Question 39

Maximizing benefits and minimizing rewards-

Answer 39

information out of the study receiving as little psychological harm as possible.

Question 40

Informed consent:

Answer 40

agree to take part, aware of nature

Question 41

Decption:

Answer 41

only lie about nature if strictly necessary, infomed in end

Question 42

Confidentiality:

Answer 42

identity should be hidden and info destroyed later

Question 43

Debreif:

Answer 43

after study all info should be revealed

Question 44

Rigth withdraw:

Answer 44

withdraw at anytime during, info also later

Question 45

Protection of participants:

Answer 45

protected against psychological and or physical harm, or compensation

Question 46

-questionnaire

Answer 46

making people answer open or closed questions

Open: what is your fav animal-
(can be a long and very exact and detailed but effected by persons perspective)

Closed from list bellow select fav
animal
(easier to be placed into numerical data)

Note: can reach far, lack of control on accuracy (bias)

Question 47

-interviews

Answer 47

a face to face conversation- usually more serious

Types:
-Structured: fixed, usually limited response (closed), rich, fast, and, easy to analyze.

–Semi structured: open ended questions, more depth added,personal. Hard to compare data.

—Un structured: interview based on previous answers. Unstructured interviews are open-ended

Question 48

Observations:

Answer 48

Psychologists observe, they watch peoples behaviour and measure particular aspects in a way that is as precise as possible ​
have more than 1 observer to avoid bias

Question 49

Naturalistic ​

Answer 49

Conducted in an everyday environment where participant behave normally​
Controlled/structured​
Conducted in a lab – may be set up​

Question 50

Overt

Answer 50

Participants know they are being studied​

Question 51

Covert

Answer 51

Participants don’t know they are being studied ​

Question 52

Participant

Answer 52

Observer becomes part of the group that they are observing ​

Question 53

Non-participant ​

Answer 53

Observer takes a step back from the group​

Question 54

Correlation:

Answer 54

this is a technique designed to look for relationships between variables
Analysis is done by an observation​
Looking for a relationship between co-variables​
Plot a scatter gram to visualize the information