PHP, Images and SEO Flashcards
What does URI stand for?
Uniform Resource Identifiers
What is the interaction between the web client and web server called?
HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol
What does RPC stand for? What is an RPC?
Remote Procedure Call. A series of functions called by the User that send requests to the server, the function is executed on the server and a response is sent back.
Using the URI http://hostname.com:8080/folder/index.html identify four different sections of the URI?
http - the protocol
hostname.com - the server
8080 - the port
/folder/index.html -the request path
What does URL stand for?
Uniform Resource Locators
List the five HTTP verbs.
GET
POST
PUT
PATCH
DELETE
How does one assign variables in php?
$variable_name = variable_value;
Print a variable numbers in PHP?
echo $numbers;
Write a function in C which returns an int that is default valued to 1 if a undefined value is entered.
function functionName($parameter=1):int {
return parameter;
}
What does a get request do?
Passes information via URL.
What is the difference between a URL and a URI?
URI identifies a resource and differentiates it from others by using a name, location, or both.
URL identifies the location only of a unique resource.
So URL is a subset of URI.
When should POST be used instead of GET?
POST should be used for sensitive information, or for large amounts of information.
What does DBMS stand for?
Database management system
Give three advantages of databases.
Efficient data management
Data integrity and security
Querying and reporting
What does RDBMS stand for?
Relational Database management system
What does GNU mean?
General Use - Open source, is a general public licence.
What is a URN?
Uniform Resource Name, identifies a resource permanently but doesn’t provide a location.
What does CMYK stand for?
Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black
How many bits are required for true color?
24
Define dithering.
When a browser cannot show a color out of its range so it mixes two colors to produce the missing one.
Define shift.
When a browser cannot show a color out of its range so it shifts the missing color to one similar in the supported set.
What does a high dithering percentage mean?
True color, large file size.
Why does format matter?
-Search Engine Optimisation.
-Bandwidth and loading times.
-Additional unnecessary functionality can lead to longer load times.
What do the following acronyms stand for?
GIF
JPEG
PNG
SVG
WebP
ICO
APNG
Graphics Interchange Format
Joint Photographic Expert Group Image
Portable Network Graphics
Scalable Vector Graphics
Web Picture Format
Microsoft Icon
Animated Portable Network Graphics
Differentiate between vector and raster?
Raster images are only high quality at their intended resolution as pixelation will occur.
Vector Images are mathematically generated from a series of points, and can be resized without a drop in quality.
What is transparency?
A single color being made invisible.
What are the problems with transparency?
Creation of artefacts and halos.
Explain the solution to artefacts and halos with transparency.
Anti-aliasing is a technique which makes diagonal or curved edges smoother by interpolating between the foreground and the background color. The pixels get lighter and lighter until transparent.
What is a halo?
A White border left around an image
Differentiate between lossy and lossless compression.
Lossy: Compression algorithm results in a loss of data, will not be the exact same image but not very noticeable.
Lossless: Exact same image as original when decompressed.
When was GIF developed, by who?
Developed by CompuServe in 1987.
What are the three image formats that are universally supported?
JPEG, GIF, PNG
When was JPEG developed by who?
Developed by Joint Photographics Expert Group (1992)
What does JFIF stand for?
JPEG File Interchange Format
When was PNG developed by who?
Developed by W3C in 1996
When was SVG developed?
1998.
When was WebP developed by who?
Developed by Google in 2007
Which formats are vector and which are raster?
Vector:
SVG
Raster:
GIF, JPEG, PNG, WebP
Which formats support transparency and animation?
GIF, PNG, SVG, WebP
Which formats use lossy compression and which formats use lossless compression?
Lossy:
JPG, WebP
Lossless:
GIF, PNG, SVG, WebP
Compare size of these five main image formats.
GIF - Small file size.
JPEG - smaller than PNG-24.
PNG-8 smaller than GIF.
PNG-24 larger than JPEG.
SVG-smaller than PNG, JPEG, GIF.
WebP - 25% smaller than other popular formats.
What do GIFS, SVG’s and WebP’s support well that other types don’t?
What does SVG only support?
Animation.
It can be coded with HTML, CSS, Javascript.
What is the best and second best choice for (a) photographs, (b) icons, (c) screenshots (d) diagrams, drawings and charts?
WebP than JPEG
SVG than Lossless WebP
Lossless WebP than PNG
SVG than PNG
What is interlacing?
Image showed in gradually increasing resolution, allows reader to get an idea of what the image will eventually look like much faster.
Define SEO?
SEO is the process of affecting the visibility of a website or a webpage in a search engine’s unpaid or organic results.
List the five steps of search engines.
Crawl
Cache
Retrieve
Rank
SERP (Search Engine Results Page)
When was the earliest example of SEO?
1995-97 the band Jefferson Starship
When was the term SEO coined and who popularized it?
In 1997, the Webstep Marketing Agency first used the phrase.
Danny Sullivan founder of Search Engine Watch popularized the term in 1998.
What percentage of the market does google hold? What percentage of clicks go into the first five organic results?
85 %
67.6%
What is a Google Core Update?
A major change to the Google algorithm that permanently alters SEO.
What is the difference between white and black hat SEO?
Black hat SEO goes againt guidelines set by search engines to gain higher rankings and can lead to being blacklisted.
White hat SEO uses ethical practices to improve rankings.
What is CTR?
Click Through Rates - The ratio of users who click on a specific link to the number of total users who view a page, email or advertisement.
Name the three different categories of SEO?
On-Page, Off-Page and Technical SEO
Briefly describe the changes brought in by the following google core updates. Give their year if not already specified.
(a) Caffeine
(b) Panda
(c) Penguin
(d) 2012
(e) Fred
(f) Medic
(g) Bert
(h) MUM
(a) 2010 allowed much faster access to news and new updates
(b) 2011 Rewarded high quality content
(c) 2012 anti-spam
(d) Mobile Responsive Sites
(e) 2017 Penalise too many ads
(f) 2018 Medical Website ranked via expertise, authority and trust.
(g) 2019 Search intent, Machine Learning
(h) Natural Language Processing
