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Bio108 Physio > photosynthesis notes ni teeya > Flashcards

photosynthesis notes ni teeya Flashcards

1
Q

❛ organisms that make their food ❜
-producers
-Types: plants, algae, and some bacteria

A

autotrophs

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2
Q

use the energy in sunlight to make food in a process called

A

photosynthesis

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3
Q

-are living things that cannot make their food
-consumers

A

heterotrophs

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4
Q

-A compound that absorbs light
-Different pigments absorb different wavelengths of white light

A

pigment

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5
Q

○ is a pigment that absorbs red and blue light (photons) so green is reflected or transmitted.

○ located in thylakoid membranes

A

chlorophyll

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6
Q

Two types of Chlorophyll

A

-chlorophyll a
-chlorophyll b

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7
Q

○ involved in light reactions

A

chlorophyll a

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8
Q

○ assists in capturing light energy
○ accessory pigments

A

chlorophyll b

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9
Q

● captures more light energy

● red, orange, & yellow

A

carotenoids

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10
Q

Plants are green because

A

the green wavelength is reflected and not absorbed

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11
Q

is the process by which autotrophic organisms use light energy to make sugar and oxygen gas from carbon dioxide and water

A

photosynthesis

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12
Q

○ product of photosynthesis
○ used for the synthesis of glucose

A

Triose phosphate (Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)

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13
Q

formula of photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + light —— C6H12O6 + 6O2

carbon dioxide + water + light ——- carbohydrate (sugar) + oxygen

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14
Q

Importance of Photosynthesis

A

● Makes organic molecules out of inorganic materials.

● It begins all food chains and webs.

● It also makes oxygen gas.

● Responsible for the growth of pants.

● Nourishes almost the entire living world directly or indirectly

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15
Q

Plants use the energy from sunlight to make:

A

-ATP
-Sugars

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16
Q

releases energy when it releases one phosphate

A

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

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17
Q

Phosphorylation:

Dephosphorylation:

A

ADP ——- ATP

ATP ——-ADP

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18
Q

○ Glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch & more

A

sugars

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19
Q

What does plants need to grow?

A

● The “factory” for making energy and sugars
○ chloroplast

● Fuels
○ sunlight, carbon dioxide, water

● The Helpers
○ enzymes

20
Q

Site of Photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast in the Mesophyll of leaves

21
Q

Light-Dependent reactions

A

● Thylakoid membrane

22
Q

Calvin Cycle reactions

A

● Stroma

23
Q

Two Stages of Photosynthesis:

A

Light-Dependent reactions (Energy building)
Calvin Cycle reactions (Sugar building)

24
Q

● Convert light energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH

● Split H2 O and release O 2 to the atmosphere

A

Light-Dependent reactions

25
Q

products of Light-Dependent reactions

A

ATP, NADPH, O 2(byproduct)

26
Q

● Use ATP and NADPH to convert C0 2 to the sugar G3P

● Return ADP, inorganic phosphate, and NADP + to hte light reactions

A

Calvin Cycle reactions

27
Q

products of Calvin Cycle reactions

A

NADP+, ADP, Triose Phosphate

28
Q

Photosynthesis is a redox process in which:

A

H2 O is oxidized and CO 2 is reduced

29
Q

types of photosystems (2)

A

● Photosystem II - best absorbs red-light (680 nm)

● Photosystem I - best absorbs far-red light (700 nm)

30
Q

reaction center of photosystems

A

PS II= P680
PS I= P700

31
Q

primary electron acceptor of photosystems

A

PS II= pheophytine
PS I= Ao

32
Q

Mobile Electron Carriers

A

● Pq - Plastoquinone

● Pc - Plastocyanine

● Fd - Ferredocxin

33
Q

● Pumps hydrogen ions from strome to lumen

A

Cytochrome Complex

34
Q

● is highly exergonic and produces ATP

A

ATP Synthase

35
Q

● uses the electrons to reduce NADP + to NADPH

A

NADP + reductase

36
Q

● is a series of protein complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions

A

Electron Transport Chain

37
Q

The ATP and NADPH formed in the light-dependent reaction are used to fuel the

A

calvin cycle

38
Q

Steps involved in Calvin Cycle

A
  1. Carbon Fixation
  2. G3P Production
  3. Regeneration of RuBP
39
Q

● enzyme which fixes carbon from air

● most abundant and important enzyme in the world

A

RuBisCo - Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase

40
Q

phosphoglycerate

A

PGA

41
Q

G3P / TP

A

Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate / Triose Phosphate

42
Q

starting molecule of Glucose

A

Glucose Phosphate

43
Q

● The (3) CO 2 is attached to (3) RuBP with the help RuBisCo which catalyzes the reaction.

● The resulting (3) 6C compound is unstable and breaks down into (6) PGA (3C)

A

Carbon fixation

44
Q

(6) GPA is converted into (6) G3P/TP using (6) NADPH and (6) ATP

○ Reduction by NADPH transfers hydrogen atoms to the compound and producing NADP.

○ While the hydrolysis of ATP provides energy and ADP

A

G3P production

45
Q

● (1) G3P/TP leaves the cycle and will be used to form glucose

○ It takes(2) G3P to make (1) glucose phosphate.

● (5) G3P/TP will be recycled to regenerate the RuBP acceptor.

○ Regeneration involves a complex series of reactions and requires ATP

A

Regeneration of RuBP

46
Q

The Calvin cycle has to run __________ to produce one molecule of glucose molecules

A

2 times

Bio108 Physio (3 decks)

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