Photosynthesis 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describes the process by which Photosynthetic organisms photoautotrophs, synthesize organic compounds from inorganic raw materials using light

A

photosynthesis

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2
Q

is the means for solar energy to enter into the global ecosystem, and it alone is the essential biological process by which solar energy is transformed into metabolic form of energy for all forms of life on earth

A

photosynthesis

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3
Q

has characteristics of both a particle and a wave

A

light

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4
Q

is characterized by a wavelength

A

wave

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5
Q

light is also a particle, which we call a

A

photon

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6
Q

Each photon contains an amount of energy that is called a

A

quantum (plural quanta)

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7
Q

a yellow pigment

A

xanthophyll

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8
Q

a gray–brown pigment

A

Phaeophytin a

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9
Q

a yellow–brown pigment

A

Phaeophytin b

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10
Q

All electromagnetic radiation is light, but we can only see a small portion of this radiation–

A

visible light

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11
Q

The reason that there are so many pigments

A

each absorbs light more efficiently in a different part of the electromagnetic spectrum

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12
Q

As objects grow _______, they radiate energy dominated by ________wavelengths

A

hotter, shorter

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13
Q

Magnesium absorbs a
wavelength of _______nm and emits
a color of?

A

285.2; UV (Ultraviolet)

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14
Q

For the two photosystems I & II, _______________ exist
to assist the photosynthetic process by absorbing specific
spectra of light energy.

A

chlorophylls a & b

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15
Q

absorbs the violet
blue - blue wavelengths of light (390-450nm with peak at
420nm) and orange to far-red (600-700nm with a peak at
680nm)

A

chlorophyll a

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16
Q

however absorbs violet blue to
green blue light (390-500nm with a peak at 480nm) and
yellow to red light (600nm-680nm with a peak at 630nm)

A

Chlorophyll b

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17
Q

Plants still use the _______________ spectra as there
exist photopigments that turn green or yellow photons
(500-600nm wavelengths) into _______________
through excitation and emittance reactions

A

green and yellow
blue and red

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18
Q

-is usually referred to as radiation with wavelengths between 400 and 500 nm
-less efficient than green or red photons because their high energy isn’t fully utilized

A

blue light

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19
Q

is typically encountered in nature at midday, when the angle of the sun is directly vertical or close to it

A

blue light

20
Q

is a phytochemical that absorbs the blue spectrum and initiates phototropism (growing towards light), plus sets a plants circadian rhythm (in combination with phytochrome and the photoperiod)

A

cryptochrome

21
Q

Excited chlorophyll can re-emit a photon and thereby return to its ground state—a process known as

A

fluorescence

22
Q

reaches algae living at a depth of a meter or more in seawater, because such light is absorbed by water and by chlorophyll molecules in organisms lying above

A

Little blue or red light

23
Q

large protein assemblies that enable __________ (blue-green algae) and red algae to harvest the green and yellow light that penetrates to their ecological niche

A

phycobilisomes; cyanobacteria

24
Q

are chemically porphyrin molecules, which have a metal ion at the center

A

pigments

25
Q

The metal ion in hemoglobin

A

iron

26
Q

in chlorophyll

A

magnesium

27
Q

_____________, both additional chlorophylls as well as other classes of molecules, are closely associated with reaction center

A

accessory pigments

28
Q

These pigments absorb light and funnel the energy to the reaction center for conversion into chemical forms

A

accessory pigments

29
Q

-_______ can influence the physiology and development of plants in many way

A

light

30
Q

Phases of Photosynthesis

A
  • light absorption
  • electron transport
  • chemiosmosis
  • carbon fixation
31
Q

Thylakoid membranes of most plants are differentiated into

A

stacked (appressed) and unstacked (nonappressed) regions

32
Q

are located almost exclusively in unstacked regions

A

photosystem I and ATP synthase

33
Q

present mostly in stacked regions

A

photosystem II

34
Q

the most active photosynthetic tissues in higher plants

A

mesophyll of leaves

35
Q

photon of light hits PS 2

A

photon hits chlorophyll

36
Q

electrons are excited

A

photoionization

37
Q

Electrons transfer via protein complex (electron carrier) to PSII

A

electrons transfer

38
Q

Light hits water and releasing oxygen as a byproduct and fill in electrons of the oxidised P680 (PSI)

A

photolysis of water

39
Q

The primary step in light reaction involves transfer of electrons (excited by light) from the reaction center P680 or P700 (in PSII or PSI, respectively) into an

A

electron transport chain

40
Q

The ultimate source of the electrons is the

A

water molecule, which is photolyzed to release electrons, protons, and O2

41
Q

the final destination is

A

NADP+, which is thereby reduced to NADPH

42
Q

As a result of electron transport during light reaction, an organized series of

A

oxidation-reduction reactions

43
Q

There are other proteins bound with PSII toward the lumen of the thylakoid which are involved in

A

water oxidation (oxygen-evolving complex, OEC).

44
Q

Core of OEC consists of

A
  • four manganese atoms
  • calcium atom
  • chlorine atom
45
Q

if electrons are removed directly from water one by one

A

formation of free radicals

46
Q

a dimer having two plastoquinone binding sites facing each other
- Catalyze the transfer of electron

A

cytochrome b6f complex

47
Q
A