Photosynthesis 1

Question 1

Describes the process by which Photosynthetic organisms photoautotrophs, synthesize organic compounds from inorganic raw materials using light

Answer 1

photosynthesis

Question 2

is the means for solar energy to enter into the global ecosystem, and it alone is the essential biological process by which solar energy is transformed into metabolic form of energy for all forms of life on earth

Answer 2

photosynthesis

Question 3

has characteristics of both a particle and a wave

Answer 3

light

Question 4

is characterized by a wavelength

Answer 4

wave

Question 5

light is also a particle, which we call a

Answer 5

photon

Question 6

Each photon contains an amount of energy that is called a

Answer 6

quantum (plural quanta)

Question 7

a yellow pigment

Answer 7

xanthophyll

Question 8

a gray–brown pigment

Answer 8

Phaeophytin a

Question 9

a yellow–brown pigment

Answer 9

Phaeophytin b

Question 10

All electromagnetic radiation is light, but we can only see a small portion of this radiation–

Answer 10

visible light

Question 11

The reason that there are so many pigments

Answer 11

each absorbs light more efficiently in a different part of the electromagnetic spectrum

Question 12

As objects grow _______, they radiate energy dominated by ________wavelengths

Answer 12

hotter, shorter

Question 13

Magnesium absorbs a
wavelength of _______nm and emits
a color of?

Answer 13

285.2; UV (Ultraviolet)

Question 14

For the two photosystems I & II, _______________ exist
to assist the photosynthetic process by absorbing specific
spectra of light energy.

Answer 14

chlorophylls a & b

Question 15

absorbs the violet
blue - blue wavelengths of light (390-450nm with peak at
420nm) and orange to far-red (600-700nm with a peak at
680nm)

Answer 15

chlorophyll a

Question 16

however absorbs violet blue to
green blue light (390-500nm with a peak at 480nm) and
yellow to red light (600nm-680nm with a peak at 630nm)

Answer 16

Chlorophyll b

Question 17

Plants still use the _______________ spectra as there
exist photopigments that turn green or yellow photons
(500-600nm wavelengths) into _______________
through excitation and emittance reactions

Answer 17

green and yellow
blue and red

Question 18

-is usually referred to as radiation with wavelengths between 400 and 500 nm
-less efficient than green or red photons because their high energy isn’t fully utilized

Answer 18

blue light

Question 19

is typically encountered in nature at midday, when the angle of the sun is directly vertical or close to it

Answer 19

blue light

Question 20

is a phytochemical that absorbs the blue spectrum and initiates phototropism (growing towards light), plus sets a plants circadian rhythm (in combination with phytochrome and the photoperiod)

Answer 20

cryptochrome

Question 21

Excited chlorophyll can re-emit a photon and thereby return to its ground state—a process known as

Answer 21

fluorescence

Question 22

reaches algae living at a depth of a meter or more in seawater, because such light is absorbed by water and by chlorophyll molecules in organisms lying above

Answer 22

Little blue or red light

Question 23

large protein assemblies that enable __________ (blue-green algae) and red algae to harvest the green and yellow light that penetrates to their ecological niche

Answer 23

phycobilisomes; cyanobacteria

Question 24

are chemically porphyrin molecules, which have a metal ion at the center

Answer 24

pigments

Question 25

The metal ion in hemoglobin

Answer 25

iron

Question 26

in chlorophyll

Answer 26

magnesium

Question 27

_____________, both additional chlorophylls as well as other classes of molecules, are closely associated with reaction center

Answer 27

accessory pigments

Question 28

These pigments absorb light and funnel the energy to the reaction center for conversion into chemical forms

Answer 28

accessory pigments

Question 29

-_______ can influence the physiology and development of plants in many way

Answer 29

light

Question 30

Phases of Photosynthesis

Answer 30

• light absorption
• electron transport
• chemiosmosis
• carbon fixation

Question 31

Thylakoid membranes of most plants are differentiated into

Answer 31

stacked (appressed) and unstacked (nonappressed) regions

Question 32

are located almost exclusively in unstacked regions

Answer 32

photosystem I and ATP synthase

Question 33

present mostly in stacked regions

Answer 33

photosystem II

Question 34

the most active photosynthetic tissues in higher plants

Answer 34

mesophyll of leaves

Question 35

photon of light hits PS 2

Answer 35

photon hits chlorophyll

Question 36

electrons are excited

Answer 36

photoionization

Question 37

Electrons transfer via protein complex (electron carrier) to PSII

Answer 37

electrons transfer

Question 38

Light hits water and releasing oxygen as a byproduct and fill in electrons of the oxidised P680 (PSI)

Answer 38

photolysis of water

Question 39

The primary step in light reaction involves transfer of electrons (excited by light) from the reaction center P680 or P700 (in PSII or PSI, respectively) into an

Answer 39

electron transport chain

Question 40

The ultimate source of the electrons is the

Answer 40

water molecule, which is photolyzed to release electrons, protons, and O2

Question 41

the final destination is

Answer 41

NADP+, which is thereby reduced to NADPH

Question 42

As a result of electron transport during light reaction, an organized series of

Answer 42

oxidation-reduction reactions

Question 43

There are other proteins bound with PSII toward the lumen of the thylakoid which are involved in

Answer 43

water oxidation (oxygen-evolving complex, OEC).

Question 44

Core of OEC consists of

Answer 44

• four manganese atoms
• calcium atom
• chlorine atom

Question 45

if electrons are removed directly from water one by one

Answer 45

formation of free radicals

Question 46

a dimer having two plastoquinone binding sites facing each other
- Catalyze the transfer of electron

Answer 46

cytochrome b6f complex