Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 1210 Lab Exam > Photosynthesis I & II > Flashcards

Photosynthesis I & II Flashcards

1
Q

Define photosynthesis

A

The process by which plants and other photoautotrophs use light energy to synthesize organic compounds from CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the overall reaction for photosynthesis?

A

6 H2O + 6 CO2 –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which reactant in photosynthesis is reduced?

A

Atmospheric CO2 is reduced to a carbohydrate molecule (glucose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which product of photosynthesis is oxidized?

A

Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is produced as a byproduct of water being oxidized?

A

molecular oxygen (O2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In this lab, what is used as an assay of photosynthetic rate?

A

Oxygen production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If the photosynthetic rate is greater, will the leaf disks rise to the surface more quickly or slowly?

A

quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was the additional source of CO2 used in this experiment?

A

Sodium bicarbonate aka baking soda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the summary of the equation for baking soda in water?

A

NaHCO3 + H+ –> Na+ + H2O + CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of energy is needed to synthesize organic compounds via photosynthesis?

A

Light energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was the plant species used for the leaf disk assay? Give the common and latin name

A

Spinach

Spinacia oleracea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

After all the air has been removed from the leaf disks, what is produced that causes the leaf disks to float again?

A

oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the purpose of the syringe?

A

To create a vacuum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the purpose of creating a vacuum within the syringe?

A

to remove all the gases from the intercellular spaces within the leaf disks and make the leaf disks sink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to the leaf disks when the vacuum has been successfully made?

A

They sank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T or F: all the leaf disks cut will contain the same number of chloroplasts and will therefore photosynthesize at the same rate

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do photoautotrophs obtain the nutrients they require from?

A

water, soil minerals and atmospheric carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The conversion of atmospheric CO2 into organic materials provides the foundation for what four major things?

A

4 major macromolecules:

proteins
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
lipids

19
Q

Photosynthesis occurs in the presence of what 2 things?

A

enzymes

light energy

20
Q

Which organelles of plants conduct photosynthesis? Where are they located?

A

The chloroplasts located in the mesophyll tissues of leaves

21
Q

What are the 2 major stages of photosynthesis?

A
  1. light dependent reactions

2. light independent reactions aka the Calvin Cycle

22
Q

Where do the light dependent reactions occur?

A

in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

23
Q

Overall, what occurs during the light dependent reactions?

A

the stages of photosynthesis that convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH

24
Q

What is NADPH?

A

the reduced form of NADP+

25
Q

Briefly outline the steps of the light dependent reaction

A
  1. a water molecule is broken apart to provide a supply of electrons and protons
    - oxygen gas is produced as a byproduct
  2. electrons and protons release from the water are transferred to the acceptor NADP+ –> reducing it to NADPH
  3. Chemiosmosis joins a phosphate group to ADP to synthesize ATP during photophosphorylation
26
Q

What are the products of the light reactions?

A

NADPH and ATP

Oxygen gas as a byproduct

27
Q

Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?

A

the stroma of the chloroplasts

28
Q

Overall, what occurs during the Calvin Cycle?

A

the stages of photosynthesis that convert inorganic CO2 into sugars

29
Q

What happens when inorganic CO2 enters the stroma?

A

inorganic CO2 is converted into an organic form through CARBON FIXATION with the help of the rubisco enzyme

30
Q

Which enzyme aids in carbon fixation in the Calvin Cycle?

A

rubisco

31
Q

What is the final product of carbon fixation per one molecule of CO2 in the Calvin Cycle?

A

two 3-phosphoglycerate molecules

32
Q

What happens to the 3-phosphoglycerates produced by carbon fixation in the Calvin Cycle?

A

Both of them are separately bonded to a phosphate group released from ATP to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

33
Q

What happens to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate in the Calvin Cycle?

A

It is reduced by NADPH to produce glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)

34
Q

What is the product of the Calvin Cycle?

A

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), a carbohydrate

35
Q

What is the function of the final stage of the Calvin Cycle?

A

regenerates the rubulose bisphosphate (RuBP) sugar to maintain the continuous fixation of inorganic CO2

36
Q

What was the purpose of this experiment?

A

to determine whether the rate of photosynthesis by spinach is affected by varying concentrations of sodium bicarbonate

37
Q

How was the rate of photosynthesis determined?

A

By measuring the time for 50% of the leaf disks to float

38
Q

Why can it be predicted that photosynthetic rates will become greater/faster with a higher concentration of sodium bicarbonate?

A

because sodium bicarbonate is the source of CO2 in this experiment and CO2 is essential for the producing carbohydrates during photosynthesis

39
Q

Which hypothesis was rejected based on the results?

A

The null hypothesis

40
Q

What was the supported hypothesis?

A

the alternative:

the concentration of sodium bicarbonate (%) in tap water will have an effect on the rate of photosynthesis (seconds) by spinach, Spinacia oleracea.

41
Q

Briefly describe the steps of the procedure for this experiment

A
  1. pour water into clear cup
  2. add amount of sodium bicarbonate to the water and gently mix
  3. obtain a few leaves from the spinach and use a straw to cut out X amount of disks per replicate
  4. gently put the leaf disks into the syringe and push the plug to the bottom carefully
  5. draw 2-3 mL of the sodium bicarbonate solution into the syringe and expel all the air out
  6. create the vacuum by covering the top of the syringe with thumb and pushing and pulling on the plunger until all the leaves sink
  7. label a plastic cup to indicate treatment and mark 3cm
  8. transfer leaf disks and solution into cup
  9. fill cup to 3cm mark with sodium bicarbonate solution
  10. use pipette to spread out leaf disks so they’re not overlapping
  11. place light source 10 cm above cup
  12. record time until 50% of leaf disks float or no change occurs after 20 minutes
  13. repeat steps for all replicates and treatments
42
Q

Is it possible for the leaf disks to float in the control group?

A

yes, there is still a small amount of sodium bicarbonate present in tap water

43
Q

What was the control group?

A

the solution without any additional CO2 added/no baking soda added

44
Q

Why did the leaf disks float at different times?

A

chloroplast density will differ throughout different sections of the leaf

chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs so if there are less chloroplasts in one leaf disk, the rate of photosynthesis will be reduced compared to a leaf disk with a higher density

BIOL 1210 Lab Exam (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions