Photosynthesis - Definitions and terms Flashcards
The pigment that gives plants their green color and helps in the process of photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
The process where plants transform light energy into chemical energy
Photosynthesis
Balanced chemical equation of photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O —-> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Actual site of photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Stacks of circular-shaped membrane filled with chlorophyll and enzymes where the light reaction takes place
Thylakoids
Stacks of thylakoids
granum
An aqueous space in the chloroplast where enzymes needed in the Calvin Cycle are found.
Stroma
The pigment that gives plants their green color and helps in the process of photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll
What colors is absorbed by chlorophyll?
Red and blue
2 stages of photosynthesis
light-dependent reaction and the calvin cycle
An important complex present, are light-harvesting complexes embedded in the thylakoid membrane
photosystem
This process occurs in the thylakoid of chloroplasts
Noncyclic pathway
3 pigments in the photosystem
chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoid
Other term for noncyclic pathway
linear electron flow
Light energy strikes the electron in photosystem II which makes it excited and it bounces in photosystem II until it reaches a spot called?
Reaction center chlorophyll a
As the process continues in the noncyclic pathway, electrons are (lost, added) in the photosystem.
lost
Water splits in this process, thereby creating electrons, oxygen, and hydrogen ions
photolysis
Alternative route for excited electrons
Cyclic pathway
There is no need for photolysis to occur in cyclic pathway. True or False?
True
This process is where the production of ATP relies on
Photophosphorylation
The movement of ions through a membrane down their electrochemical gradient
chemiosmosis
3 machineries involved in noncyclic pathway
photosystem II, photosystem I, and 2 ETCs
2 machineries involved in cyclic pathway
photosystem I and an ETC
Hydrogen ions cannot pass through the phospholipid bilayer easily. Why?
Because they are charged
Hydrogen ions needs a channel to facilitate their diffusion down the concentration gradient. This channel is in the form of?
ATP synthase
ADP needs to be combined with ________ and ______ to form a high-energy molecule called ATP.
phosphate, energy
Energy is needed in order to form ATP. How do we get energy?
It comes from the flow of hydrogen ions through this enzyme
The calvin cycle occurs in the _______ of the chloroplast.
stroma
Three phases of the calvin cycle
carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of ribulose
These two molecules come from the products of the light reactions and are required in the second phase of the Calvin cycle
ATP and NADPH
Why is the Calvin cycle considered a cycle?
Regeneration of RuBP
The waxy cuticle found on top of the leaf is advantageous because it serves as a _____________________.
barrier to prevent water loss
The waxy cuticle on top of a leaf is impermeable to oxygen, which is a waste product of plants and carbon dioxide, So what happens?
There is a stomata found underneath the leaf is an opening for carbon dioxide to enter and for oxygen to exit
Has unique anatomical characteristics to ensure optimal carbon fixation.
C4 pathway
Found in the middle of bundle sheath cells
vascular tissues
surround the bundle sheath cells
mesophyll cells
It is specific to carbon dioxide only
Phosphoenolpyruvate
Once the PEP combines with carbon dioxide, it forms a four-carbon molecule called?
oxaloacetate
CAM pathway only involves one cell, which is the?
mesophyll cell
The primary producers of oxygen on Earth and they also form the foundation of aquatic food webs
Microalgae
They are the primary terrestrial photosynthetic organisms, sustaining life and regulating the climate
Plants
Habitat and food for various marine organisms, also contributing to ecological balance
macroalgae
Some cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis, being essential for the carbon and oxygen cycle
Bacteria
