Photosynthesis/cellular respiration inputs, outputs, & locations

Question 1

Inputs of light-dependent stage

Answer 1

12 H2O
12 NADP+
18 ADP + Pi

Question 2

Outputs of light-dependent stage

Answer 2

6 O2
12 NADPH
18 ATP

Question 3

Location of light-dependent stage

Answer 3

Grana/thylakoid membranes

Question 4

Inputs of light-independent stage

Answer 4

6 CO2
12 NADPH
18 ATP

Question 5

Outputs of light-independent stage

Answer 5

C6H12O6
12 NADP+
18 ADP + Pi
6 H2O

Question 6

Location of light-independent stage

Answer 6

Stroma

Question 7

RuBisCo’s role in the light-independent stage

Answer 7

Carbon fixation:
Binding CO2 and fixing the carbon into the organic 3-PGA, thus initiating the Calvin cycle.

Question 8

RuBisCo’s problem

Answer 8

Photorespiration:
By binding O2 and undertaking photorespiration, photosynthesis is disrupted as CO2 loses an opportunity to bind with Rubisco.

Question 9

Inputs of glycolysis

Answer 9

1 glucose (C6H12O6)
2 ADP + 2 Pi
2 NAD+ + 2 H+

Question 10

Outputs of glycolysis

Answer 10

2 pyruvate
2 ATP
2 NADH

Question 11

Location of glycolysis

Answer 11

Cytosol

Question 12

Inputs of the Krebs cycle

Answer 12

2 acetyl-CoA (derived from 2 pyruvate)
2 ADP + 2 Pi
6 NAD+ + 6 H+
2 FAD + 4 H+

Question 13

Outputs of the Krebs cycle

Answer 13

4 carbon dioxide (CO2)
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2

Question 14

Location of the Krebs cycle

Answer 14

The mitochondrial matrix

Question 15

Outputs of the electron transport chain

Answer 15

6 water (H2O)
26 or 28 ATP
10 NAD+ + 10 H+
2 FAD + 4 H+

Question 16

Inputs of the electron transport chain

Answer 16

6 oxygen (O2) + 12 H+
26 or 28 ADP + 26 or 28 Pi
10 NADH
2 FADH2

Question 17

Location of the electron transport chain

Answer 17

The cristae of the mitochondria

Question 18

Total ATP produced from cellular respiration

Answer 18

30 or 32 ATP

Question 19

Role of coenzymes in cellular respiration

Answer 19

Coenzymes are unloaded in reactions that need extra energy and become loaded in reactions that produce energy.

Question 20

Unloaded coenzymes in cellular respiration

Answer 20

ADP, NAD+, FAD

Question 21

Loaded coenzymes in cellular respiration

Answer 21

ATP, NADH, FADH2

Question 22

Anaerobic fermentation

Answer 22

A metabolic pathway that occurs in the absence of oxygen. Involves glycolysis, followed by further reactions that convert pyruvate into lactic acid in animals, or ethanol and CO2 in yeasts.

Question 23

Aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 23

Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen. Involves three stages, during which glucose and O2 are converted into ATP, CO2, and water.

Question 24

Cellular respiration

Answer 24

The process by which cells create usable energy in the form of ATP from a series of biochemical reactions, involving the breakdown of glucose.

Question 25

Anaerobic fermentation in animals

Answer 25

2 Pyruvate is converted to 2 lactic acid & 2NADH is unloaded to 2NAD+

Question 26

Anaerobic fermentation in yeasts

Answer 26

Pyruvate breaks into 2CO2 and 2 acetaldehyde, then acetaldehyde is converted to 2 ethanol & NADH is unloaded to 2NAD+

Question 27

Process of creating bioethanol

Answer 27

1 sourcing and deconstruction of the biomass (to increase surface area)
2 breaking down starch and cellulose into glucose molecules via enzymatic hydrolysis (enzymes)
3 ethanol production via anaerobic fermentation (with yeast)
4 dehydration (removal of water) and purification of bioethanol (for use as fuel).

Question 28

Biofuel

Answer 28

Fuel created from organic material known as biomass.