Photosynthesis and transport in plants

Question 0

Where does photosynthesis happen in plants?

Answer 0

In the green leaves

Question 1

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 1

Carbon
Dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen

Light and chlorophyll needed

Question 2

What do plants make during photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Food (glucose)

Question 3

What is the light energy converted to?

Answer 3

Chemical energy in the glucose

Question 4

When is chemical energy released in respiration?

Answer 4

When glucose is broken up during respiration

Question 5

Which part of the leaf does photosynthesis take part in?

Answer 5

The chloroplasts

Question 6

What is the green pigment called in the chloroplasts ?

Answer 6

Chlorophyll

Question 7

Why are chloroplasts needed for photosynthesis?

Answer 7

Because they contain chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight which is needed for photosynthesis

Question 8

Name 4 ways a leaf is adapted for photosynthesis

Answer 8

Broad- more sunlight absorbed

Have stomata- for gas exchange - let’s carbon dioxide diffuse in

Have chloroplasts- needed to absorb sunlight

Thin- easy for sunlight to be absorbed

Question 9

What is the function of the waxy cuticle?

Answer 9

To help reduce the amount of water lost by evaporation

Question 10

What is the upper epidermis?

Answer 10

A thin transparent layer in the leaf that let’s light pass through easily

Question 11

What is the names for the middle of the leaf?

Answer 11

Palisade layer

Spongy layer

Question 12

What is the function of the vascular bundle in a leaf?

Answer 12

Contains xylem and phloem vessels for transport of water and nutrients and the vascular bundle supports the leaf

Question 13

What do the guard cells do?

Answer 13

Open and closes for efficient gas exchange

Question 14

Where does carbon dioxide diffuse into the leaf?

Answer 14

Through the stoma

Question 15

What are the 3 limiting factors in photosynthesis?

Answer 15

Light intensity
Carbon dioxide concentration
Temperature

Question 16

What is the definition of a limiting factor?

Answer 16

Stops photosynthesis happening any faster

Limiting factors depend on environment conditionS

Question 17

What happens to the enzymes if the temperature is increase too much?

Answer 17

They denature

Question 18

How do you test a leaf for starch?

Answer 18

1. kill leaf by putting in boiling water
2. Out leaf in boiling tube with ethanol
3. Heat leaf in water bath- this gets rid of chlorophyll and leaf ends up white
4. rinse leaf in cold water
5. add few drops of iodine solution - if starch is present it will go blue black

Question 19

What happens if a plant cant photosynthesise?

Answer 19

It can’t make starch/ food therefore it will die

Question 20

What are variegated leaves?

Answer 20

Leaves that are partly green( where there is chlorophyll) and partly white where there is no chlorophyll

Question 21

What test do you do on variegated leaves to see if chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis ?

Answer 21

1. Take variegated leaf
2. Test for starch by boiling, putting in ethanol , heating and putting iodine solution on it
3. Green parts turn blue black as they contains starch whereas white parts stay orange brown - therefore chlorophyll is needed

Question 22

How do you show that a plant needs carbon dioxide to photosynthesise?

Answer 22

1. Put soda lime and plant in a bell jar
2. Shine light on the jar
3. Leave for a while and the soda lime will absorb carbon dioxide from the air
4. Now test the leaf for starch - results show no starch is present so CO2 is needed for photosynthesis

Question 23

How do you show light is needed for photosynthesis?

Answer 23

1. Leave plant in dark cupboard
2. Take a leaf off plant and test for starch using iodine solution
3. Leaf won’t turn blue black as leaf can’t photosynthesis without light

Question 24

What are the 3 mineral ions a plant needs?

Answer 24

Nitrates Phosphates Potassium

Question 25

Why do plants need certain elements/ mineral ions?

Answer 25

To produce important compounds and to help maintain a healthy plant

Question 26

Where are mineral ions found?

Answer 26

In the soil

Question 27

What happens if a plant is missing or lacking any mineral ion?

Answer 27

They will suffer a deficiency disease

Question 28

Other than mineral ions what is another element plants need for healthy growth?

Answer 28

Magnesium

Question 29

What element do nitrates contain?

Answer 29

Nitrogen

Question 30

What are nitrates needed for in a plant?

Answer 30

Cell growth | Producing amino acids and proteins in the plant

Question 31

What happens to the plant if it is lacking in nitrates?

Answer 31

It will be stunted (short) | Older leaves will become yellow

Question 32

What element do phosphates contain?

Answer 32

Phosphorus

Question 33

What are phosphates needed for in a plant?

Answer 33

Needed for : respiration Growth Making DNA and cell membranes

Question 34

What happens to a plant if it is lacking phosphates?

Answer 34

Poor root growth | Older leaves become purple

Question 35

What is potassium needed for in a plant?

Answer 35

Helps enzymes needed for respiration and photosynthesis

Question 36

What happens to plant if it is lacking potassium ?

Answer 36

Poor flower growth Poor root growth Discoloured leaves

Question 37

Is magnesium needed in higher or lower quantities than mineral ions?

Answer 37

Lower quantities

Question 38

What is magnesium needed for in the plant?

Answer 38

Making chlorophyll

Question 39

What does a lack of magnesium cause?

Answer 39

Yellow leaves

Question 40

Why do plants have transport systems?

Answer 40

Because they are multicellular organisms They have a large surface area and diffusion would take too long so transport systems speed up the movement of substances Unicellular organisms don't need transport systems as they have small surface area so diffusion is quicker

Question 41

What are the 2 main transport systems in a plant?

Answer 41

Xylem | Phloem

Question 42

What do xylem tubes transport in a plant? Where from ? Where to?

Answer 42

Transport water and mineral salts They carry mineral salts and water up from the roots up the shoot to the lease for transpiration

Question 43

What do phloem tubes transport in a plant? From where? Where to?

Answer 43

Phloem transport food substances- amino acids and sucrose Carry amino acids and sucrose from leaves where they are made to other parts of the plant

Question 44

What are root hair cells?

Answer 44

Long hairs that stick out from plant into soil and absorb water and mineral ions

Question 45

How are root hair cells adapted for absorbing water?

Answer 45

They have a large surface area

Question 46

How is water taken in from the soil to the root hair cells in a plant?

Answer 46

By osmosis

Question 47

Is there a higher concentration if water in the soil of the plant?

Answer 47

There is a higher concentration in the soil

Question 48

What is transpiration ?

Answer 48

The water lost by a plant

Question 49

How does water leave the leaf?

Answer 49

By diffusion | Water leaves through stomata in the leaf

Question 50

Transpiration results in a shortage of water. How does this get resolved?

Answer 50

More water drawn up from soil | More water drawn up xylem vessels so there isn't a shortage anymore

Question 51

Describe the transpiration stream in a plant

Answer 51

Water drawn up from soil Water drawn up xylem vessels Water transported around plant Water in leaf diffuses out

Question 52

What happens to the transpiration rate if the temperature is increased?

Answer 52

The transpiration rate is greater as the particles gain more energy so move faster and evaporate/ diffuse more and faster

Question 53

What happens to the transpiration rate when the light intensity increases?

Answer 53

Transpiration rate is greater because stomata are open in light and more water diffuses out

Question 54

What happens to the transpiration rate if the air around a leaf is humid?

Answer 54

The transpiration rate is lower because there is lower concentration gradient and therefore diffusion is slower

Question 55

What happens to transpiration rate if the wind speed is low around a leaf?

Answer 55

Transpiration rate is lower because particles don't have as much energy so diffusion is slower