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Biology > Photosynthesis and transport in plants > Flashcards

Photosynthesis and transport in plants Flashcards

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0
Q

Where does photosynthesis happen in plants?

A

In the green leaves

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1
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon
Dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen

Light and chlorophyll needed

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2
Q

What do plants make during photosynthesis?

A

Food (glucose)

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3
Q

What is the light energy converted to?

A

Chemical energy in the glucose

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4
Q

When is chemical energy released in respiration?

A

When glucose is broken up during respiration

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5
Q

Which part of the leaf does photosynthesis take part in?

A

The chloroplasts

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6
Q

What is the green pigment called in the chloroplasts ?

A

Chlorophyll

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7
Q

Why are chloroplasts needed for photosynthesis?

A

Because they contain chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight which is needed for photosynthesis

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8
Q

Name 4 ways a leaf is adapted for photosynthesis

A

Broad- more sunlight absorbed

Have stomata- for gas exchange - let’s carbon dioxide diffuse in

Have chloroplasts- needed to absorb sunlight

Thin- easy for sunlight to be absorbed

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9
Q

What is the function of the waxy cuticle?

A

To help reduce the amount of water lost by evaporation

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10
Q

What is the upper epidermis?

A

A thin transparent layer in the leaf that let’s light pass through easily

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11
Q

What is the names for the middle of the leaf?

A

Palisade layer

Spongy layer

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12
Q

What is the function of the vascular bundle in a leaf?

A

Contains xylem and phloem vessels for transport of water and nutrients and the vascular bundle supports the leaf

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13
Q

What do the guard cells do?

A

Open and closes for efficient gas exchange

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14
Q

Where does carbon dioxide diffuse into the leaf?

A

Through the stoma

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15
Q

What are the 3 limiting factors in photosynthesis?

A

Light intensity
Carbon dioxide concentration
Temperature

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16
Q

What is the definition of a limiting factor?

A

Stops photosynthesis happening any faster

Limiting factors depend on environment conditionS

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17
Q

What happens to the enzymes if the temperature is increase too much?

A

They denature

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18
Q

How do you test a leaf for starch?

A
  1. kill leaf by putting in boiling water
  2. Out leaf in boiling tube with ethanol
  3. Heat leaf in water bath- this gets rid of chlorophyll and leaf ends up white
  4. rinse leaf in cold water
  5. add few drops of iodine solution - if starch is present it will go blue black
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19
Q

What happens if a plant cant photosynthesise?

A

It can’t make starch/ food therefore it will die

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20
Q

What are variegated leaves?

A

Leaves that are partly green( where there is chlorophyll) and partly white where there is no chlorophyll

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21
Q

What test do you do on variegated leaves to see if chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis ?

A
  1. Take variegated leaf
  2. Test for starch by boiling, putting in ethanol , heating and putting iodine solution on it
  3. Green parts turn blue black as they contains starch whereas white parts stay orange brown - therefore chlorophyll is needed
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22
Q

How do you show that a plant needs carbon dioxide to photosynthesise?

A
  1. Put soda lime and plant in a bell jar
  2. Shine light on the jar
  3. Leave for a while and the soda lime will absorb carbon dioxide from the air
  4. Now test the leaf for starch - results show no starch is present so CO2 is needed for photosynthesis
23
Q

How do you show light is needed for photosynthesis?

A
  1. Leave plant in dark cupboard
  2. Take a leaf off plant and test for starch using iodine solution
  3. Leaf won’t turn blue black as leaf can’t photosynthesis without light
24
Q

What are the 3 mineral ions a plant needs?

A

Nitrates
Phosphates
Potassium

25
Q

Why do plants need certain elements/ mineral ions?

A

To produce important compounds and to help maintain a healthy plant

26
Q

Where are mineral ions found?

A

In the soil

27
Q

What happens if a plant is missing or lacking any mineral ion?

A

They will suffer a deficiency disease

28
Q

Other than mineral ions what is another element plants need for healthy growth?

A

Magnesium

29
Q

What element do nitrates contain?

A

Nitrogen

30
Q

What are nitrates needed for in a plant?

A

Cell growth

Producing amino acids and proteins in the plant

31
Q

What happens to the plant if it is lacking in nitrates?

A

It will be stunted (short)

Older leaves will become yellow

32
Q

What element do phosphates contain?

A

Phosphorus

33
Q

What are phosphates needed for in a plant?

A

Needed for :
respiration
Growth
Making DNA and cell membranes

34
Q

What happens to a plant if it is lacking phosphates?

A

Poor root growth

Older leaves become purple

35
Q

What is potassium needed for in a plant?

A

Helps enzymes needed for respiration and photosynthesis

36
Q

What happens to plant if it is lacking potassium ?

A

Poor flower growth
Poor root growth
Discoloured leaves

37
Q

Is magnesium needed in higher or lower quantities than mineral ions?

A

Lower quantities

38
Q

What is magnesium needed for in the plant?

A

Making chlorophyll

39
Q

What does a lack of magnesium cause?

A

Yellow leaves

40
Q

Why do plants have transport systems?

A

Because they are multicellular organisms
They have a large surface area and diffusion would take too long so transport systems speed up the movement of substances
Unicellular organisms don’t need transport systems as they have small surface area so diffusion is quicker

41
Q

What are the 2 main transport systems in a plant?

A

Xylem

Phloem

42
Q

What do xylem tubes transport in a plant? Where from ? Where to?

A

Transport water and mineral salts

They carry mineral salts and water up from the roots up the shoot to the lease for transpiration

43
Q

What do phloem tubes transport in a plant? From where? Where to?

A

Phloem transport food substances- amino acids and sucrose

Carry amino acids and sucrose from leaves where they are made to other parts of the plant

44
Q

What are root hair cells?

A

Long hairs that stick out from plant into soil and absorb water and mineral ions

45
Q

How are root hair cells adapted for absorbing water?

A

They have a large surface area

46
Q

How is water taken in from the soil to the root hair cells in a plant?

A

By osmosis

47
Q

Is there a higher concentration if water in the soil of the plant?

A

There is a higher concentration in the soil

48
Q

What is transpiration ?

A

The water lost by a plant

49
Q

How does water leave the leaf?

A

By diffusion

Water leaves through stomata in the leaf

50
Q

Transpiration results in a shortage of water. How does this get resolved?

A

More water drawn up from soil

More water drawn up xylem vessels so there isn’t a shortage anymore

51
Q

Describe the transpiration stream in a plant

A

Water drawn up from soil
Water drawn up xylem vessels
Water transported around plant
Water in leaf diffuses out

52
Q

What happens to the transpiration rate if the temperature is increased?

A

The transpiration rate is greater as the particles gain more energy so move faster and evaporate/ diffuse more and faster

53
Q

What happens to the transpiration rate when the light intensity increases?

A

Transpiration rate is greater because stomata are open in light and more water diffuses out

54
Q

What happens to the transpiration rate if the air around a leaf is humid?

A

The transpiration rate is lower because there is lower concentration gradient and therefore diffusion is slower

55
Q

What happens to transpiration rate if the wind speed is low around a leaf?

A

Transpiration rate is lower because particles don’t have as much energy so diffusion is slower

Biology (6 decks)

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