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yr 10 > photosynthesis and respiration > Flashcards

photosynthesis and respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What is the oxygen requirement for aerobic metabolism?

A

Requires oxygen (O₂)

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2
Q

What is the oxygen requirement for anaerobic metabolism?

A

Does not require oxygen (O₂)

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3
Q

What is the energy yield per glucose in aerobic metabolism?

A

High energy yield (36-38 ATP per glucose)

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4
Q

What is the energy yield per glucose in anaerobic metabolism?

A

Low energy yield (2 ATP per glucose)

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5
Q

What are the end products of aerobic metabolism in animals and plants?

A

CO₂ and H₂O

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6
Q

What are the end products of anaerobic metabolism in animals and plants?

A

Lactic acid (in animals), ethanol + CO₂ (in plants & yeast)

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7
Q

Where does aerobic metabolism occur in cells?

A

Occurs in mitochondria

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8
Q

Where does anaerobic metabolism occur in cells?

A

Occurs in cytoplasm

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9
Q

What type of exercise is an example of aerobic metabolism?

A

Long-duration exercise, normal respiration in plants

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10
Q

What type of exercise is an example of anaerobic metabolism?

A

Intense exercise, fermentation in yeast

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11
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

Occurs when the body requires more oxygen than it has available, often after anaerobic respiration

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12
Q

What builds up in muscles during oxygen debt in animals?

A

Lactic acid

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13
Q

What do plants and yeast produce instead of lactic acid during anaerobic respiration?

A

Ethanol and CO₂

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14
Q

What is the objective of the experiment with pondweed?

A

To demonstrate the production of carbon dioxide (CO₂) by pondweed during respiration

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15
Q

What hypothesis is tested in the pondweed respiration experiment?

A

If the pondweed respires, it will release CO₂, which can be detected using an indicator

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16
Q

What materials are needed for the pondweed respiration experiment?

A
  • Fresh pondweed (e.g., Elodea) * Test tube * Beaker * Water * Bromothymol blue (BTB) * Glass funnel * Light source * Rubber stopper (optional) * Dark box or aluminum foil
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17
Q

What is the first step in the method for the pondweed respiration experiment?

A

Prepare the test tube by filling it with water and adding bromothymol blue (BTB) or limewater

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18
Q

What should happen to the BTB in the test tube with pondweed in the dark?

A

BTB will turn yellow, indicating CO₂ production

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19
Q

What should happen to limewater in the test tube with pondweed in the dark?

A

Limewater will turn cloudy/milky, confirming CO₂ presence

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20
Q

What does it indicate if BTB remains blue or limewater stays clear in the light experiment?

A

CO₂ may be used up due to photosynthesis

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21
Q

What is the conclusion if BTB turns yellow or limewater turns cloudy?

A

The pondweed is releasing CO₂, proving that respiration is taking place

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22
Q

True or False: Respiration in plants occurs only in the absence of light.

A

False

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23
Q

In the light experiment, what may happen if the plant respires more than it photosynthesizes?

A

CO₂ will still be detected

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24
Q

What is respiration?

A

A chemical reaction which occurs in all living cells, releasing energy from glucose

Respiration is not breathing; that is called ventilation.

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25
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Respiration that occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly

The equation for anaerobic respiration is: glucose → lactic acid.

26
Q

Where does aerobic respiration mostly occur?

A

In tiny parts of cells called mitochondria

Mitochondria are found in the cytoplasm.

27
Q

What type of cells have more mitochondria?

A

Cells which need more energy, like sperm cells and muscle cells

These cells have higher energy demands.

28
Q

What happens during vigorous exercise when the body lacks oxygen?

A

Anaerobic respiration occurs instead of aerobic respiration

This leads to the production of lactic acid.

29
Q

What is EPOC?

A

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

It was previously known as ‘oxygen debt.’

30
Q

What does lactic acid buildup in muscles cause?

A

Pain and tiredness, which can lead to cramp

31
Q

What occurs after vigorous exercise regarding lactic acid?

A

Lactic acid reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy

This process helps to clear the lactic acid from the muscles.

32
Q

Fill in the blank: The reactants of aerobic respiration are _______ and _______.

A

Glucose, oxygen

33
Q

Fill in the blank: The products of anaerobic respiration are _______.

A

Lactic acid

34
Q

Rate of reaction for aerobic respiration is _______.

35
Q

Rate of reaction for anaerobic respiration is _______.

36
Q

Energy released during aerobic respiration is _______.

37
Q

Energy released during anaerobic respiration is _______.

38
Q

What type of respiration occurs in both plants and animals when oxygen is available?

A

Aerobic Respiration

It requires oxygen for the process.

39
Q

What is the oxygen requirement for aerobic respiration?

A

Requires oxygen

40
Q

What is the glucose breakdown process in aerobic respiration?

A

Complete breakdown of glucose

41
Q

What are the products of aerobic respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) + Water (H₂O) + Energy (ATP)

42
Q

What is the energy yield of aerobic respiration per glucose molecule?

A

High (36-38 ATP)

43
Q

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

A

Mitochondria

44
Q

Write the equation for aerobic respiration.

A

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)

45
Q

What occurs in anaerobic respiration?

A

Occurs when oxygen is not available or in certain conditions in both plants and animals

46
Q

What is the oxygen requirement for anaerobic respiration?

A

Does not require oxygen

47
Q

What is the glucose breakdown process in anaerobic respiration?

A

Incomplete breakdown of glucose

48
Q

What does anaerobic respiration produce in animals?

A

Lactic acid + Energy

49
Q

What does anaerobic respiration produce in plants and yeast?

A

Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy

50
Q

What is the energy yield of anaerobic respiration per glucose molecule?

A

Low (2 ATP)

51
Q

Where does anaerobic respiration occur?

52
Q

Write the equation for anaerobic respiration in animals.

A

Glucose → Lactic acid + Energy

53
Q

Write the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast.

A

Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy

54
Q

What are the key differences in oxygen use between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic: Yes, Anaerobic: No

55
Q

What are the end products of aerobic respiration?

A

CO₂ + H₂O

56
Q

What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in animals?

A

Lactic acid

57
Q

What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in plants/yeast?

A

Ethanol + CO₂

58
Q

What is the energy yield comparison between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic: High (36-38 ATP), Anaerobic: Low (2 ATP)

59
Q

Where does aerobic respiration occur within the cell?

A

Mitochondria

60
Q

Where does anaerobic respiration occur within the cell?

yr 10 (10 decks)

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