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Biology > Photosynthesis and Respiration > Flashcards

Photosynthesis and Respiration Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the form of energy that powers cellular work?

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) releases energy when bonds between the phosphates are broken

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2
Q

How are ATP and ADP different

A

ATP stores energy and has 3 phosphate groups while ADP releases energy for the cells to use and has 2 phosphate groups

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3
Q

Which process is ATP formed

A

Cellular respiration

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4
Q

Why do we need ATP

A

ATP is the energy our cells use to run all of its activities

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5
Q

How is the energy released from ATP

A

When the third phosphate is broken off then the energy is released

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6
Q

What are heterotrophs

A

organisms that cannot make their own food and must eat to get energy

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7
Q

Once an organism has its organic molecules either from photosynthesis or eating how does it regenerate ATP

A

Cellular Respiration

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8
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

Cellular respiration releases the energy in food to make ATP- energy our cells can use

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9
Q

Cellular Respiration equation

A

C6H12O6+6O2=6CO2+6H2O+36 ATP`

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10
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

6H20+6CO2=C6H12O6+6O2

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11
Q

Where does cellular respiration take place?

A

The mitochondria

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12
Q

Glycolysis

A

The splitting of glucose into two pyruvates, step 1, occurs in the cytoplasm

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13
Q

What is Aerobic respiration

A

in the presence of oxygen
1. glycolysis
2. Krebs cycle
3. ETC (electron transport chain)

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14
Q

Krebs cycle

A
  1. pyruvate enters the mitochondria
  2. Krebs cycle produces CO2 and ATP
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15
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane, produces ATP and H2O, 32 net ATP produced

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16
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

without oxygen (aka fermentation), occurs in the cytoplasm

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17
Q

Anaerobic respiration process

A

If the cell does not have any oxygen gas, it
will go through Glycolysis (but skip Kreb’s Cycle & Electron Transport Chain).

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18
Q

Fermentation

A

releases energy from food-producing ATP without using oxygen

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19
Q

Which is more efficient aerobic or anaerobic

A

aerobic is more efficient becuase anaerobic respiration produces less ATP

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20
Q

Alcohol fermentation

A

Produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide, occurs in yeast and other microorganisms

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21
Q

Lactic acid fermentation

A

produces lactic acid, occurs in muscles

22
Q

Photosynthesis occurs in what

A

chloroplast

23
Q

What energy does photosynthesis use and cellular respiration produce

A

Uses light energy and produces heat energy

24
Q

What do the mitochondria take in and what does it produce

A

It takes in pyruvate and oxygen and it produces carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

25
Q

What has more mitochondria cells and skin cells or a muscle cells

A

muscle cell

26
Q

What do the chloroplast take in and what does it produce

A

It takes in sun energy, carbon dioxide, and water and it produces oxygen and glucose

27
Q

How many ATP are produced in glycolysis

A

2 ATP

28
Q

How many ATP are produced in fermentation

A

2 ATP

29
Q

What is the final amount of ATP produced after breaking down one glucose molecule in aerobic cellular respiration?

A

36 ATP

30
Q

What is the final amount of ATP produced after breaking down one glucose molecule in anaerobic cellular respiration?

A

2 ATP

31
Q

4 things are need for light-dependent reactions to occur

A

Light, NADP+, water, ADP

32
Q

Label the image of the ATP

A

Adenine- ribose- 3 phosphate groups

33
Q

What structure stores the most energy for cells to use

A

glucose

34
Q

Name the substance that fills a chloroplast, the individual green balls, and a stack of the green balls

A

stroma, thylakoid, and granum

35
Q

Photosynthesis occurs in two stages what are they?

A

Light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions)

36
Q

What are the products of the Calvin cycle, and what time of day does it occur

A

Glucose, ADP, and NADP+
occurs during the day and nighttime

37
Q

What is the first stage of light-dependent reactions and what time of day does it occur

A

Breaks water into oxygen gas, protons, and electrons
only occurs during the day

38
Q

What variables can increase or decrease the rate of photosynthesis

A

Light intensity, chlorophyll concentrations, and temperature

39
Q

How is oxygen gas created through light-dependent reactions?

A

water molecules are broken down

40
Q

What does the light-dependent reaction produce that is needed for the second part of photosynthesis? two answers.

A

NADPH and ATP

41
Q

What is always the first step in cellular respiration, for both anaerobic and aerobic?

A

Glycolysis

42
Q

How does glucose get its carbon

A

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

43
Q

How does glucose get its oxygen

A

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

44
Q

Occurs in bacteria and produces yogurt and cheese

A

alcoholic fermentation

45
Q

Occurs in yeast and produces beer, bread, and wine

A

alcoholic fermentation

46
Q

Occurs in human muscle cells and produces pain, fatigue, and soreness

A

Lactic acid fermentation

47
Q

oxygen has to be at the bottom of this step to pick up the high-energy electron

A

ETC (electron transport chain)

48
Q

Occurs in the mitochondria and the waste product is H2O

A

ETC (electron transport chain)

49
Q

Uncharged battery

A

ADP

50
Q

Occurs in the mitochondria and the waste product is CO2

A

Krebs’s cycle

51
Q

what kind of energy is used in photosynthesis and made in cellular respiration

A
  • chemical energy
  • 36 ATP cellular

Biology (2 decks)

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