Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is an organic compound?

A

A compound that contains a carbon atom

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2
Q

What is an inorganic compound?

A

One that doesn’t contain carbon

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3
Q

What is oxidation?

A

O I L R I G Oxidation is loss of hydrogen or gaining oxygen

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4
Q

What is a co enzyme?

A

Non protein molecule that help enzymes to function eg) NAD

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5
Q

What is phosphorylation?

A

Adding a phosphate eg) ADP + Pi

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6
Q

What is photophosphorylation?

A

Using light to add a phosphate.

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7
Q

What uses light to split a molecule?

A

Photolysis

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8
Q

What is an ETC?

A

Where electrons flow through proteins in a membrane

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9
Q

What is a proton?

A

A positive charge eg) H+

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10
Q

What is a chloroplast?

A

An organelle that absorbs light energy to be used for photosynthesis, to make useful organic compounds

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11
Q

What is a thylakoid?

A

Membrane is the site of the light dependant reaction, high SA, contains photosynthetic pigments. Eg) chlorophyll A+B and carotene

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12
Q

Why is photosynthesis important?

A

It converts light energy into chemical energy (stored in carbs) This allows the energy to be transferred to other organisms by consumption

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13
Q

What is the chemical equation of photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O ———> 6O2 + C6H12O6

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14
Q

Where does the light dependant reaction take place?

A

Chlorophyll (thylakoid membrane)

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15
Q

Describe the light dependant reaction. (5 steps)

A

The light energy is absorbed by photosynthetic pigments in the chlorophyll

This excites the electrons they leave the chloroplasts which is then photoionised

The electrons are transferred through5 a carrier molecule in the thylakoid membrane

as electrons move down the ECT they use energy to pump protons from the stroma into the thylakoid creating a proton gradient

The protons diffuse out via the ATP synthase enzyme releasing energy for the Phosphorylation of ADP +Pi to ATP. ( chemiosmosis)

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16
Q

name 3 photosynthetic pigments

A

chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, carotene

17
Q

What are the products of the light dependent reaction?

A

ATP + NADPH

18
Q

What is the role of the Calvin Cycle?

A

uses products of LDR to make useful organic products from CO2

19
Q

What is the first stage of the calvin cycle?

A

CO2 (1C) combines with RUBP (5C) catalysed by the enzyme rubisco to make 2 molecules of GP (3C each)

20
Q

What is stage 2 of the calvin cycle?

A

Both molecules of GP (3C each) are reduced by LDP products (ATP —-> ADP and NADPH—–> NADP) to form 2 TP (3C each)

21
Q

what is stage 3 of the calvin cycle?

A

most TP is regenerated to form RUBP, some TP is used to make useful organic compounds eg) glucose

22
Q

How many extra carbons are there per spin of the calvin cycle?

23
Q

Name 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis

A

Temperature, CO2 conc, light intensity

24
Q

Light intensity as a limiting factor

A

higher the light intensity the more energy there is for the LDR so the faster the rate of photosynthesis

light needs to be of teh right WL

25
CO2 conc as a limiting factor
optimum CO2 is 0.4% atmosphere is 0.04% in atmosphere limiting factor during the day
26
Temperature as a limiting factor
Increases KE increasing Enzyme action can increase transpiration --- stomata close
27
How can farmers use light intensity to increase yield?
use a green house use light of correct wavelength
28
How can farmers use CO2 to increase yield?
fossil fuel burner increases CO2 conc
29
How can farmers use temperature to increase yield?
burner increases temp greenhouse traps warm air maintain optimum temperature using thermostat