Photosynthesis

Question 1

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 1

The process by which plants capture energy from the sun using mitochondria and convert it into carbon dioxide, water and simple sugars

Question 2

What are the materials needed for photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Water

Carbon dioxide

Question 3

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 3

Glucose

Oxygen

Question 4

What is the chloroplast envelope?

Answer 4

The 2 membranes outside of the chloroplast with with a space between them

Question 5

What are grana?

Answer 5

A system of membranes arranged in stacks inside the chloroplast

Question 6

What are thylakoids?

Answer 6

The membrane discs that make up a granum in the chloroplast

Question 7

What is the stroma?

Answer 7

The matrix of the chloroplast

Question 8

What are some of the different kinds of chlorophyll?

Answer 8

Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Carotenoids
Phaeophytin

Question 9

What is the most abundant type of chlorophyll?

Answer 9

Chloryphyll a

Question 10

Why are different kinds of chlorophyll needed?

Answer 10

Each type absorbs a different part of the spectrum so they’re needed to maximise the ammount of light absorbed.

Question 11

How do you work out the Rf value in chromatography?

Answer 11

distance travelled by solute
____________________
distance travelled by solvent

Question 12

What are the names of the photosystems?

Answer 12

Photosystem 1 (PSI)
Photosystem 2 (PSII)

Question 13

Where does the light dependant stage take place?

Answer 13

Thylakoid membranes

Question 14

What happens at the beginning of the light dependant stage?

Answer 14

Light splits a molocule of water in a photochemical reaction
Light hits a chlorophyll and raises the electrons to a higher energy level where the leave the molocule and are taken up by an electron acceptor into either cyclic or non-cyclic photophosphorelation.

Question 15

What are the products of the light dependant reactions?

Answer 15

ATP

NADPH

Question 16

Which photosystem is involved in cyclic phosphorelation?

Answer 16

PSI

Question 17

What is photolysis?

Answer 17

The spitting of a water molocule

Question 18

How is photolysis used in noncyclic photophosphorelation?

Answer 18

Electron from splitting water is used to stabalize PSII after it gave its electron to PSI

Question 19

What is NADP?

Answer 19

An electron acceptor

Question 20

In what part of photosynthesis is the Calvin cycle?

Answer 20

Light-independant reactions

Question 21

Where do the light independant reactions take place?

Answer 21

Stroma of the chloroplast

Question 22

What is the first thing to be formed in the Calvin cycle?

Answer 22

RUBISCO

Question 23

How does RUBISCO change into GP?

Answer 23

RUBISCO is theoretically a 6 carbon compound but is very unstable so almost instantly forms 2 3 carbon compounds (GP)

Question 24

How is GP changed into GALP?

Answer 24

GP is reduced (hydrogen added)

Question 25

What is the primary end product of photosynthesis?

Answer 25

GALP

Question 26

Where is GALP used?

Answer 26

Fed back into the Calvin cycle to produce glucose (gluconeogenesis)
Fed into the Krebs cycle (respiration) to be used in glycolysis

Question 27

What are the limiting factors for photosynthesis?

Answer 27

Light
Tempreture
Carbon dioxide levels